SDE - Intern

For a given array with N elements, you need to find the length of the longest subsequence from the array such that all the elements of the subsequence are sorted in strictly increasing order.

Strictly Increasing Sequence is when each term in the sequence is larger than the preceding term.

For example:

[1, 2, 3, 4] is a strictly increasing array, while [2, 1, 4, 3] is not.

For a given integer array/list 'ARR' of size 'N' containing all distinct values, find the total number of 'Inversions' that may exist.

An inversion is defined for a pair of integers in the array/list when the following two conditions are met.

A pair ('ARR[i]', 'ARR[j]') is said to be an inversion when:

1. 'ARR[i] > 'ARR[j]' 
2. 'i' < 'j'

Where 'i' and 'j' denote the indices ranging from [0, 'N').

You are given two strings 'str1' and 'str1'.

You have to tell whether these strings form an anagram pair or not.

The strings form an anagram pair if the letters of one string can be rearranged to form another string.

Pre-requisites:

Anagrams are defined as words or names that can be formed by rearranging the letters of another word. Such as "spar" can be formed by rearranging letters of "rasp". Hence, "spar" and "rasp" are anagrams. 

Other examples include:

'triangle' and 'integral'
'listen' and 'silent'

Note:

Since it is a binary problem, there is no partial marking. Marks will only be awarded if you get all the test cases correct. 

For a given array with N elements, you need to find the length of the longest subsequence from the array such that all the elements of the subsequence are sorted in strictly increasing order.

Strictly Increasing Sequence is when each term in the sequence is larger than the preceding term.

For example:

[1, 2, 3, 4] is a strictly increasing array, while [2, 1, 4, 3] is not.

You had a sequence of consecutive nonnegative integers. You appended all integers at the end of each other to form a string ‘S’ without any separators. While appending each integer in a string, you forgot to append exactly one integer from the sequence. Now all the integers from a string and you don’t know which integer you have missed.

For example sequence 11, 12, 13 may form a string (without any separators) “1113” if you miss 12.

Your task is to find the missing number in the string such that it is possible to obtain a sequence of consecutive non-negative integers from the given string. If more than one missing integer is present or all the integers are already present or if the string is not valid then the answer will be -1 for all such cases.

Note:

1. The string consists of only digits 0 to 9.
2. The numbers will have no more than six digits. 

You are given a 2-dimensional array/list having N rows and M columns, which is filled with ones(1) and zeroes(0). 1 signifies land, and 0 signifies water.

A cell is said to be connected to another cell, if one cell lies immediately next to the other cell, in any of the eight directions (two vertical, two horizontal, and four diagonals).

A group of connected cells having value 1 is called an island. Your task is to find the number of such islands present in the matrix.