SDE - 1

Given a string (STR) of length N, you have to create a new string by performing the following operation:

Take the smallest character from the first 'K' characters of STR, remove it from STR and append it to the new string.

You have to perform this operation until STR is empty.

 Note:

The input string(STR) will not contain any spaces.

Assume that all characters in STR are lower case letters.

If characters less than 'K' remain, then append them in a sorted way to the new string.

Example:

Let the input string be "edcba" with K = 4.

Let the new string to be formed is initially empty, newString = "".
The first set of 4 characters are, ('e', 'd', 'c', 'b')
Out of these 4 characters, the smallest one is 'b' and hence we add it to the newString and it becomes, 
newString = "b"

The next set of 4 characters are, ('e', 'd', 'c', 'a')
Out of these 4 characters, the smallest one is 'a' and hence we add it to the newString and it becomes, 
newString = "ba"

Now we are left with "edc" and since we can't get a window of size 4, we sort them in the increasing order and append them to the newString.

Hence, newString thus formed will be "bacde".

A Derangement is a permutation of ‘N’ elements, such that no element appears in its original position. For example, an instance of derangement of {0, 1, 2, 3} is {2, 3, 1, 0}, because 2 present at index 0 is not at its initial position which is 2 and similarly for other elements of the sequence.

Given a number ‘N’, find the total number of derangements possible of a set of 'N’ elements.

Note:

The answer could be very large, output answer %(10 ^ 9 + 7).

Mike is a little boy who loves solving math problems. One day he was playing with his mom’s mobile. The mobile keypad contains 12 buttons { 10 digits(0-9) and 2 characters(‘*’ and ‘#’) }. Mike wants to know how many different numbers he can generate after pressing exactly the 'N' buttons on the keypad. Mike presses the buttons with the following rules:

1. He always presses the button which has a digit written on it, i.e., he never presses the ‘*’ and ‘#’ button.
2. Once he presses a button, the next button he presses should either be the same button or the button which is adjacent to the previous button.
3. In starting he can press any button except ‘*’ and ‘#’.

Mike is too little to solve this problem. Help Mike to solve this problem. As the answer can be large, so find the answer modulo 10^9 + 7.

Given an array of numbers, find the maximum sum of any contiguous subarray of the array.

For example, given the array [34, -50, 42, 14, -5, 86], the maximum sum would be 137, since we would take elements 42, 14, -5, and 86.

Given the array [-5, -1, -8, -9], the maximum sum would be -1.

Follow up: Do this in O(N) time.

You are given an array/list of ‘N’ integers. You are supposed to return the maximum sum of the subsequence with the constraint that no two elements are adjacent in the given array/list.

Note:

A subsequence of an array/list is obtained by deleting some number of elements (can be zero) from the array/list, leaving the remaining elements in their original order.

You have been given a long type array/list 'arr’ of size 'n’.

It represents an elevation map wherein 'arr[i]’ denotes the elevation of the 'ith' bar.

Print the total amount of rainwater that can be trapped in these elevations.

Note :

The width of each bar is the same and is equal to 1.

Example:

Input: ‘n’ = 6, ‘arr’ = [3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 4].

Output: 10

Explanation: Refer to the image for better comprehension:

Note :

You don't need to print anything. It has already been taken care of. Just implement the given function.

You are given an unweighted directed graph of 'V' vertices and 'E' edges. Your task is to print all the strongly connected components (SCCs) present in the graph.

You have been given stock values/prices for N number of days. Every i-th day signifies the price of a stock on that day. Your task is to find the maximum profit which you can make by buying and selling the stocks.

 Note :

You may make as many transactions as you want but can not have more than one transaction at a time i.e, if you have the stock, you need to sell it first, and then only you can buy it again.

You have been given two strings ‘str1’ and ‘str2’ of length N and M respectively. Your task is to check whether string ‘str2’ contains one of the permutations of string ‘str1’ as its substring.

In other words, find whether there exists any permutation of string ‘str1’ that is a substring of ‘str2’.

A string ‘x’ is a permutation of another string ‘y’ only if sorted(x) = sorted(y). For example, LISTEN is a permutation of SILENT.

Note: ‘str1’ and ‘str2’ contains only lowercase English Alphabet letters.

For Example :

Input: str1 = “ab” , str2 = “aoba”
Output: Yes

Explanation: Permutations of first-string str1 i.e. “ab” are [“ab”, “ba”].
The substrings of str2, i.e. “aoba” are [“a”, “o”, “b”, “a”, “ao”, “ob”, “ba”, “aob”, “oba”, “aoba”].
The string “ba” is present in the list of substrings of string str2.

You have been given an integer array/list(ARR) of size 'N'. It only contains 0s, 1s and 2s. Write a solution to sort this array/list.

Note :

Try to solve the problem in 'Single Scan'. ' Single Scan' refers to iterating over the array/list just once or to put it in other words, you will be visiting each element in the array/list just once.

Given a Singly Linked List of integers, delete all the alternate nodes in the list.

Example:

List: 10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> 50 -> 60 -> null
Alternate nodes will be:  20, 40, and 60.

Hence after deleting, the list will be:
Output: 10 -> 30 -> 50 -> null

Note :

The head of the list will remain the same. Don't need to print or return anything.