SDE - Intern

You are given two integer arrays ARR1 and ARR2 of length N and M respectively. You have to return true if ARR2 is a subset of ARR1, otherwise, return false.

For Example:

If the given arrays are [1, 2, 3] and [1, 2] then you need to return true as ARR2 is a subset of ARR1, but if the given arrays are [1, 2, 3] and [1, 2, 2] then you need to return false since ARR2 is not a subset of ARR1.

You are given an array ‘Arr’ consisting of ‘N’ distinct integers and a positive integer ‘K’. Find out Kth smallest and Kth largest element of the array. It is guaranteed that K is not greater than the size of the array.

Example:

Let ‘N’ = 4,  ‘Arr’ be [1, 2, 5, 4] and ‘K’ = 3.  
then the elements of this array in ascending order is [1, 2, 4, 5].  Clearly, the 3rd smallest and largest element of this array is 4 and 2 respectively.

You are given a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) with ‘E’ edges and ‘V’ vertices. A DAG is a type of graph with no directed cycles.

You have been given a source vertex ‘S’. Your task is to find the distance between ‘S’ and the farthest vertex reachable from ‘S’?

Example: Given a DAG graph :

Source node: 1
The farthest vertex in the above graph from vertex 1 is 2 via the route of vertex 3. So, the distance is 2.

Design and implement a data structure for Least Recently Used (LRU) cache to support the following operations:

1. get(key) - Return the value of the key if the key exists in the cache, otherwise return -1.

2. put(key, value), Insert the value in the cache if the key is not already present or update the value of the given key if the key is already present. When the cache reaches its capacity, it should invalidate the least recently used item before inserting the new item.

You will be given ‘Q’ queries. Each query will belong to one of these two types:

Type 0: for get(key) operation.
Type 1: for put(key, value) operation.

Note :

1. The cache is initialized with a capacity (the maximum number of unique keys it can hold at a time).

2. Access to an item or key is defined as a get or a put operation on the key. The least recently used key is the one with the oldest access time.

Given a string (STR) of length N, you have to create a new string by performing the following operation:

Take the smallest character from the first 'K' characters of STR, remove it from STR and append it to the new string.

You have to perform this operation until STR is empty.

 Note:

The input string(STR) will not contain any spaces.

Assume that all characters in STR are lower case letters.

If characters less than 'K' remain, then append them in a sorted way to the new string.

Example:

Let the input string be "edcba" with K = 4.

Let the new string to be formed is initially empty, newString = "".
The first set of 4 characters are, ('e', 'd', 'c', 'b')
Out of these 4 characters, the smallest one is 'b' and hence we add it to the newString and it becomes, 
newString = "b"

The next set of 4 characters are, ('e', 'd', 'c', 'a')
Out of these 4 characters, the smallest one is 'a' and hence we add it to the newString and it becomes, 
newString = "ba"

Now we are left with "edc" and since we can't get a window of size 4, we sort them in the increasing order and append them to the newString.

Hence, newString thus formed will be "bacde".

You have been given a singly linked list in which nodes are present in increasing order. Your task is to construct a Balanced Binary Search Tree with the same data elements as the given Linked List.

A Balanced BST is defined as a BST in which the height of two subtrees of every node differs no more than 1.

You are having a stack "ARR" of size 'N+1', your task is to delete the middlemost element so that the size of resulting stack is 'N'.

A stack is a linear data structure where both insertion and deletion of elements take place at the top. It follows FILO (First In Last Out) or LIFO (Last In First Out) approaches. Books piled on top of each other is an example of a stack, where you can only remove a single book at a time, which is at the top of the stack. Likewise, you can only add a single book at a time, on the top of the stack only.

Example :-

INPUT : ARR [ ] = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] , N = 4
OUTPUT: ARR [ ] = [ 1 , 2 , 4,  5 ]

The above example contains an odd number of elements, hence the middle element is clearly the (N+1) / 2th element, which is removed from the stack in the output.

INPUT : ARR [ ] = [ 5, 6, 7, 8 ] , N = 3
OUTPUT: ARR [ ] = [ 5, 7, 8 ]

The above example contains an even number of elements, so out of the two middle elements, we consider the one which occurs first. Hence, the middle element would be ((N+1) / 2 - 1) element, which is 6 and is removed from the stack in the output.