SDE - Intern

You have been given an array/list 'arr' consisting of 'n' elements.

Each element in the array is either 0, 1 or 2.

Sort this array/list in increasing order.

Do not make a new array/list. Make changes in the given array/list.

Example :

Input: 'arr' = [2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0]

Output: Final 'arr' = [0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2]

Explanation: The array is sorted in increasing order.

You have been given a binary matrix of size 'N' * 'M' where each element is either 0 or 1. You are also given a source and a destination cell, both of them lie within the matrix.

Your task is to find the length of the shortest path from the source cell to the destination cell only consisting of 1s. If there is no path from source to destination cell, return -1.

Note:

1. Coordinates of the cells are given in 0-based indexing.
2. You can move in 4 directions (Up, Down, Left, Right) from a cell.
3. The length of the path is the number of 1s lying in the path.
4. The source cell is always filled with 1.

For example -

1 0 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
For the given binary matrix and source cell(0,0) and destination cell(0,2). Few valid paths consisting of only 1s are

X 0 X     X 0 X 
X X X     X 1 X 
1 1 1     X X X 
The length of the shortest path is 5.

You are given an integer array 'ARR' of size 'N' and an integer 'S'. Your task is to return the list of all pairs of elements such that each sum of elements of each pair equals 'S'.

Note:

Each pair should be sorted i.e the first value should be less than or equals to the second value. 

Return the list of pairs sorted in non-decreasing order of their first value. In case if two pairs have the same first value, the pair with a smaller second value should come first.

You are given a paragraph that may have letters both in lowercase and uppercase, spaces, and punctuation. You have also given a list of banned words. Now your task is to find the most frequent word which is not in the list of banned words. There will always be a solution, and the solution will be unique.

While comparing words, you can ignore whether the letter is lowercase or uppercase. For example, ‘AsK’ and ‘aSK’ are the same. The words will always contain only alphabets or we can say words will be separated by spaces or punctuation. The answer will be in uppercase letters.

The words in the banned list will always be in upper letters and free from punctuation and spaces.

For example :

Paragraph = ‘It's a square SqUare. It's a FLAT flat.’ 
Banned =[FLAT, IT, S]. 
So we can see these words [IT, S, SQUARE, FLAT ]  are most frequent.
Now we will look at to banned list and we can see 3 of the words are banned.
So we have a unique answer SQUARE which has a frequency of 2 and not on the banned list.