SDE - Intern

Ninja is organizing a meeting in an office that starts at a time ‘0’ and will end at a time ‘LAST’. There are ‘N’ presentations that are going to take place in that meeting whose start and end times are given, i.e., ‘ith’ presentation starts at ‘START[i]’ and ends at ‘END[i]’. The presentations don’t overlap with each other. Ninja wants to reschedule at most ‘K’ presentations keeping the original order intact so that the longest period in which there is no presentation scheduled during the meeting is maximized.

Since Ninja is busy with other office work, your task is to help Ninja to reschedule at most ‘K’ presentations.

Note:

The presentation’s duration can’t be changed. You can only change the start and end times.

You are present at point ‘A’ which is the top-left cell of an M X N matrix, your destination is point ‘B’, which is the bottom-right cell of the same matrix. Your task is to find the total number of unique paths from point ‘A’ to point ‘B’.In other words, you will be given the dimensions of the matrix as integers ‘M’ and ‘N’, your task is to find the total number of unique paths from the cell MATRIX[0][0] to MATRIX['M' - 1]['N' - 1].

To traverse in the matrix, you can either move Right or Down at each step. For example in a given point MATRIX[i] [j], you can move to either MATRIX[i + 1][j] or MATRIX[i][j + 1].

You have been given a graph consisting of ‘N’ vertices numbered from 1 to ‘N’. The graph has ‘M’ edges. In an operation, you can shift an edge between two directly connected vertices to between pair of disconnected vertices to make them directly connected. Return the minimum number of operations to make the graph connected. If it is not possible to make graph connected return -1.

Example:

Let’s say ‘N’ is 4 and ‘M' is 3. The 3 edges are (1,2), (2,3) and (1,3). Then our graph will look as follows:-

To make the graph connected we can shift the edge between (1,3) to (1,4). This operation will make the graph connected. There are multiple ways in which we can make graph connected. So, in this case, we can make graph connected in just one operation.

Note:

1. A connected graph is a graph that is connected in the sense of a topological space, i.e., there is a path from any vertex to any other vertex in the graph.

2. There are no repeated edges and self-loops in the graph.

3. You do not need to print anything; it has already been taken care of. Just implement the function.

You have been given a Snake and Ladder Board with 'N' rows and 'N' columns with the numbers written from 1 to (N*N) starting from the bottom left of the board, and alternating direction each row.

For example

For a (6 x 6) board, the numbers are written as follows:

You start from square 1 of the board (which is always in the last row and first column). On each square say 'X', you can throw a dice which can have six outcomes and you have total control over the outcome of dice throw and you want to find out the minimum number of throws required to reach the last cell.
Some of the squares contain Snakes and Ladders, and these are possibilities of a throw at square 'X':
You choose a destination square 'S' with number 'X+1', 'X+2', 'X+3', 'X+4', 'X+5', or 'X+6', provided this number is <= N*N.
If 'S' has a snake or ladder, you move to the destination of that snake or ladder.  Otherwise, you move to S.
A board square on row 'i' and column 'j' has a "Snake or Ladder" if board[i][j] != -1. The destination of that snake or ladder is board[i][j].

Note :

You can only take a snake or ladder at most once per move: if the destination to a snake or ladder is the start of another snake or ladder, you do not continue moving - you have to ignore the snake or ladder present on that square.

For example, if the board is:
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 9
-1 4 -1
Let's say on the first move your destination square is 2  [at row 2, column 1], then you finish your first move at 4 [at row 1, column 2] because you do not continue moving to 9 [at row 0, column 0] by taking the ladder from 4.

A square can also have a Snake or Ladder which will end at the same cell.
For example, if the board is:
-1 3 -1
-1 5 -1
-1 -1 9
Here we can see Snake/Ladder on square 5 [at row 1, column 1] will end on the same square 5.

Assume you initially have an empty array say ‘ARR’.

You need to return the updated array provided that some ‘Q’ number of queries were performed on this array.

The queries are of two types:

1. 1 ‘VAL’, for this type of query, you need to insert the integer 'VAL' to the end of the array.
2. 2 ‘VAL’, for this type of query, you need to take the bitwise XOR of all the elements of the array with 'VAL' i.e each element of the array ‘ARR’ will be updated as ‘ARR[i]’ = ‘ARR[i]’ ^ ‘VAL’ ( ^ denotes the bitwise XOR operation).

Note:

1) Bitwise XOR operation takes two numbers and performs XOR operation on every bit of those two numbers. For example, consider two numbers 2 and 3 their bitwise XOR will be 1. Because the binary representation of 2 is '10' and the binary representation of 3 is '11'. And XOR of '10' and '11' will be '01'(because XOR evaluates to 0 if the corresponding bits are the same in both the operands, otherwise it evaluates to 1), which is equal to 1.

2) The first query will always be a type 1 query.

3) Note that the ith query should be performed on the array obtained after performing (i-1)th query on the array and so on i.e the changes of each query are updated on the original array itself.