Table of contents
1.
Introduction
2.
Understanding Boundary Value Analysis
2.1.
Practical Implementation
2.2.
Code in C
3.
Advantages of Boundary Value Analysis
4.
Disadvantages of Boundary Value Analysis
4.1.
Code in C
4.2.
Designing Boundary Value Test Cases
4.3.
Code in C
4.4.
Future Prospects
5.
Frequently Asked Questions
5.1.
Q1. What is meant by boundary value analysis?
5.2.
Q2. What is the boundary value?
5.3.
Q3. What is 3 point boundary value analysis?
6.
Conclusion
Last Updated: Mar 27, 2024
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Boundary Value Analysis

Author Sinki Kumari
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Introduction

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a paramount testing technique employed to unveil errors at the boundaries of input domain rather than finding those present in the center. It's a crucial part of software testing that ensures the application's robustness and reliability. 

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)

This article aims to shed light on the core concepts of Boundary Value Analysis, its advantages, disadvantages, and practical implementation.

Understanding Boundary Value Analysis

Boundary Value Analysis focuses on the values at the boundaries of input ranges, as these points are prone to errors. For instance, if a function is supposed to accept an input range of 1 to 100, the boundary values would be 0, 1, 100, and 101.

Practical Implementation

Let's consider a simple program that accepts an age range between 18 and 60. The boundary values here would be 17, 18, 60, and 61.

  • Code in C

Code in C

#include <stdio.h>




int main() {

   int age;

   printf("Enter your age: ");

   scanf("%d", &age);

  

   if (age >= 18 && age <= 60) {

       printf("Valid age.\n");

   } else {

       printf("Invalid age.\n");

   }

  

   return 0;

}

Run the program with boundary values to observe the behavior.

Output

output

Advantages of Boundary Value Analysis

  • Efficiency: BVA reduces the number of test cases, saving time and resources while maintaining test coverage.
     
  • Effectiveness: It’s highly effective in identifying errors at the boundaries.

Example: In our age validation program, applying BVA would immediately catch the issue if the conditions were wrongly implemented.

Also see,  Traceability Matrix

Disadvantages of Boundary Value Analysis

  • Limited Coverage: BVA might miss out on identifying errors that occur within the input range.
     
  • Dependence on Precise Requirements: The effectiveness of BVA is significantly dependent on the clarity and precision of the requirements specified.

Example: If the age range specification was vague, applying BVA would be challenging and less effective.

Delving Deeper: Edge Cases:

Consider a program that calculates discounts based on the quantity of items purchased. The discount kicks in when a customer purchases more than 20 items. A potential edge case would be exactly at 20 items where the discount should not apply.

 

  • Code in C

Code in C

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

   int quantity;

   float discount = 0.0;

   printf("Enter quantity: ");

   scanf("%d", &quantity);

  

   if (quantity > 20) {

       discount = 0.05;

   }

  

   printf("Discount: %.2f%%\n", discount * 100);

  

   return 0;

}

Output

output

Designing Boundary Value Test Cases

Designing test cases based on BVA is straightforward yet impactful. Let's consider a program that validates age with an acceptable range of 18 to 60. The boundary values are 17, 18, 60, and 61.

  • Code in C

Code in C

#include <stdio.h>




int main() {

   int age;

   printf("Enter your age: ");

   scanf("%d", &age);

  

   if (age >= 18 && age <= 60) {

       printf("Valid age.\n");

   } else {

       printf("Invalid age.\n");

   }

  

   return 0;

}

Output

output

Executing test cases with these boundary values will ensure the robustness of the validation logic.

Future Prospects

With the advent of automated testing tools, integrating Boundary Value Analysis within the testing framework will become more streamlined, allowing for quicker identification of boundary-related errors.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is meant by boundary value analysis?

Boundary value analysis is a software testing technique that focuses on testing the boundaries of input ranges. It involves checking the behavior of a program at the minimum, maximum, and just outside the edge of input values to identify potential errors.

Q2. What is the boundary value?

A boundary value in software testing refers to the limits or edges of the input range that a system or component is designed to accept. Testing these values—such as minimum, maximum, just inside, and just outside—helps identify potential edge case errors.

Q3. What is 3 point boundary value analysis?

Three-point boundary value analysis is a software testing technique where each boundary condition is tested using three values: the boundary value itself, a value just below the boundary, and a value just above it. This approach helps in uncovering edge case bugs.

Conclusion

Boundary Value Analysis is an indispensable asset in a tester's toolkit, ensuring that the software behaves correctly at the boundary conditions. Its ability to identify errors with fewer test cases while maintaining a high level of effectiveness makes it a go-to technique for many testing scenarios. As testing frameworks evolve, incorporating BVA will continue to be a pivotal part of ensuring software reliability and robustness, ultimately leading to the development of high-quality software products.

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