CakePHP Interview Questions

Medium Level CakePHP Interview Questions

12. What is the distinction between a component, a helper, and a behavior in CakePHP?

Ans. The distinction is as follows: 

Component: It is a CakePHP Controller extension.

Helpers: In CakePHP, helpers are View extensions.

Behavior: It is a CakePHP Model Extension.

13. Explain hooks in CakePHP.

Ans. Hooks are callback functions in CakePHP that can be called before or after a database-related operation like accessing, modifying, deleting, or saving data. This method is used to carry out logic rapidly before or after the database operation.

AfterFind(), beforeValidate(), afterValidate(), beforeSave(), afterSave(), beforeDelete(), afterDelete(), and onError() are some other hooks ().

14. What is the CakePHP Validation Model?

Ans. CakePHP provides a simple but strong validation model that permits us to easily manage data validation. To perform validation in CakePHP, simply declare a 

$validate

array in your model class for required fields.

15. What are PHP sessions? 

Ans. PHP Sessions allow you to identify and store continuous data for particular users against a unique session ID all over requests. This can keep data information between page requests. Session IDs are normally sent to browsers through session cookies, and the session ID is used to fetch previously saved session data.

16. What is the name of the class for email configuration transport?

Ans. There are numerous email configuration transport class names:

• Mail: The PHP mail function is used to send emails.
• SMTP: Send using SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
• Debug: Do not send the email. Instead, return the result.

17. What do you mean by HABTM?

Ans. In CakePHP, many different types of associations are used to connect different models. In CakePHP, HABTM (Has And Belongs To Many) is a model relationship. HABTM connects two models in some ways and on various occasions.

The main difference of HABTM is the link between the models is not exclusive. Besides that, the data in HABTM is a complete set. As a result, whenever a new data connection is added, the entire set in HABTM is decided to drop and rebuild.

18. What is Behavior in CakePHP?

Ans. Models and behaviors are interconnected in CakePHP. It organizes and allows for the horizontal reuse of Model layer logic. They are comparable to character traits. Behaviors, on the other hand, are applied as different classes. This allows them to connect to model life-cycle callbacks while providing skill features.

Behaviors are an efficient method to package a behavior that many models understand.

19. What are the minimum server requirements for installing CakePHP?

Ans. These are the minimum requirements: 

• Minimum server requirements for CakePHP 3.8.5 installation
• The HTTP Server. Consider Apache. The presence of a mod rewrite is preferred but not required.
• PHP 5.6.0 or higher (including PHP 7.1).
• Installed and permitted the mbstring PHP extension
• intl PHP extension
• simplexml PHP extension 

Hard Level CakePHP Interview Questions

20. In CakePHP, what do "Security.salt" and "Security.cipherSeed" mean?

Ans.

• Security.salt: This class is used to create hashes. We can modify the default value in the:

/app/Config/core.php

• Security.cipherseed: This class is used to encrypt and decrypt strings. By editing, we can change the default value.

/app/Config/core.php

21. Explain the CakePHP Application feature.

Ans. CakePHP's Application feature defines how the application is configured, along with which plugins, middleware, console commands, and routes are included.

• Bootstrap: It loads configuration files, identifies constants, and achieves other global functions.
• Routes: Its purpose is to load routes.
• Middleware: It is used to implement middleware into an application.
• Console: It is used to include console commands in the application.
• Events: It is used to add event listeners to the application event manager through events.

22. What is the difference between CakePHP and Yii?

Ans. 

23. What are some callback functions in CakePHP?

Ans. A callback function performs logic before or after a database operation. Some of the callback methods are as follows:

24. What is a CakePHP Helper?

Ans. Helpers are connected with the application's Presentation layers. It contains presentational logic that can be shared across multiple views, elements, or layouts. Here are some examples of commonly used helpers:

• FormHelper - The FormHelper handles the majority of the heavy lifting in form creation. The FormHelper concentrates on creating forms quickly while streamlining validation, re-population, and layout.
   
• HtmlHelper - The HtmlHelper in CakePHP's role is to make HTML-related choices easier, faster, and more flexible to change.
   
• CacheHelper - The Cache helper helps in caching entire layouts and views, making things easier when fetching data repeatedly. CakePHP View Caching saves parsed layouts and views as simple PHP + HTML files.
   
• NumberHelper - The NumberHelper contains effective techniques for showing numbers in common formats in your views. These methods involve strategies to format currency, percentages, and data sizes, format numbers to specific accuracy, and give you more formatting flexibility with numbers.
   
• Paginator - Pagination limits,  page numbers, and next/previous links with the help of pagination helper. It works in combination with PaginatorComponent.
   
• RSS -  The RSS helper makes generating XML for RSS feeds easy.
   
• SessionHelper - The Session Helper replicates most of the component's functionality and areas it in your view.
   
• TextHelper - TextHelper contains ways of making text in your views more usable and friendly.
   
• TimeHelperm - The Time Helper is capable of two major tasks. It has the ability to format time strings and able to simulate time (but cannot bend time).
   

25. Why are there two vendor folders in CakePHP?

Ans. CakePHP includes two vendor folders, one in the root and the other in the "app" folder.

The global vendor folder is at the top. It is used to store third-party libraries that are used in a broad range of applications. The various apps (Cake + plugins + vendors) share the same root.

The APP one takes precedence because it is app-specific. It is used to store application-specific third-party libraries.

26. What are the parts of CakePHP?

Ans. Components in CakePHP are packages of logic that are shared by controllers. CakePHP includes an amazing set of core elements that you can use to help with a wide range of common tasks.

Using components in your application wants to clean up your controller code and allows you to reuse code all over controllers. The following are some commonly used CakePHP components:

• Authentication
• Cookie
• Cross-Site Request Forgery
• Flash
• Security
• Pagination
• Request Handling
   

27. Explain the CakePHP request cycle.

Ans. A typical CakePHP request cycle begins with a user requesting a page or help in your application. Each request goes through the following steps at a high level:

• The rewrite rules on the web server direct the request to webroot/index.php.
   
• The autoloader and bootstrap files in your application are executed.
   
• Any configured dispatch filters can handle the request and generate a response.
   
• Based on routing rules, the dispatcher selects the suitable controller and action.
   
• The controller's action is called, and the controller interacts with the essential models and components.
   
• The controller charged response creation to the View to render the output resulting from the model data.
   
• The View generates the response body and headers using Helpers and Cells.
   
• The client receives the response.
   

28. What is the standard extension for view files? What can we do to change it?

Ans. The view file's default extension is

".ctp"

We can change the default extension to the public.

$ext = '.yourextension'

 In the AppController If you want to change it for a specific controller, please do so only in that controller. You can also change it for a specific controller action by putting it in that action only.

29. In CakePHP, what logging levels are available?

Ans. Logging is easy to execute in CakePHP by the use of the log() function. CakePHP provides various levels of logging functionality, including:

Emergency: It implies that the system is unstable.
 

Critical: It is used to announce critical situations.
 

Debug: It is announced the debug messages.
 

Info: It announces informational messages
 

Notice: It is used to announce critical conditions.
 

Error: It announces the error conditions.
 

Alert: It is used to detect an alarm condition and to take appropriate action.

30. What is the CakePHP naming convention?

Ans. Following are the naming convention:

• Table names are all lowercase and plural.
   
• CamelCased model names are singular: ModelName
   
• The filenames for models are singular and underscored: model name.php.
   
• controller names are plural and CamelCased with *Controller* appended: ControllerNames Controller
   
• Controller filenames are plural and underscored with the word *controller*: controller names controller.php

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed the CakePHP Interview Questions in a systematic way including easy, medium, and hard questions. 

For more such other interview questions, visit the following link.

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I hope you have gained a better understanding of these topics now!

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