Abstraction and data hiding are key principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) that enhance code security, modularity, and simplicity. Data hiding ensures the encapsulation and security of sensitive data, while abstraction allows the modeling of complex systems. Developers can create flexible, modular, and secure codebases by leveraging these concepts effectively,
Abstraction and data hiding are some of the main concepts of object-oriented programming(OOPS). Abstraction is a technique for expressing important properties without dealing with the background details. On the other hand, Data Hiding insulates the data by directly accessing it by the application.

Both concepts appear identical in aspect; however, they are not. The abstraction makes it possible to develop real-world objects with similar properties using user-defined data types. On the other hand, data hiding protects the data and function from unauthorized access.
Abstraction is a technique for expressing important properties without dealing with the background details. On the other hand, Data Hiding insulates the data by directly accessing it by the application.
What is Data Hiding in Java?
Data hiding in Java is a programming technique used to encapsulate information within a class or module, it restricts access to the data from outside the class or module using access modifiers. It is important to enhance code security, reduce unintended interference, and promote modular design by hiding the implementation details of a class.
The term "data hiding" refers to concealing data from program components that don't need to be retrieved. Data hiding helps in the protection of a class's members. Access modifiers such as public, private, and protected are available in programming languages such as Java. Data hiding or information hiding is the process of hiding data from direct access by the program. Encapsulation is used to implement data hiding, which protects a class's data and functions from unauthorized access. On the other hand, Encapsulation occurs when data and functions are encased into a single unit. As a result, data hiding helps in achieving encapsulation.
The data and functions in a class are made private using data hiding so that they cannot be accessed falsely by functions outside the class and are protected from accidental modification. The functional details of an object can be handled through access specifiers.

Implementation of Data Hiding in Java
Output:
User Name Aryan
Bank_ID 12345
Current Balance 0
What is Abstraction in Java?
Abstraction hides the internal details and simply displays the user's functionality. It indicates an object's necessary characteristics that distinguish it from other items. To put it in another way, it hides the implementation details while presenting the functionality to the rest of the world. An abstraction concentrates on the external aspect of an object. It establishes a mental barrier in relation to the viewer's perspective. A proper abstraction emphasizes crucial aspects to the reader or user while suppressing irrelevant and deviant characteristics.
Abstraction may be implemented using abstract classes and interfaces in OOP-supporting programming languages like Java. Abstract and non-abstract methods can be found in an abstract class.
The definitions for the abstract class should be provided by a class that extends an abstract class. Furthermore, an interface's methods are all abstract methods. As a result, a class that implements an interface should have definitions for all of the abstract methods. Data abstraction is implemented as a class representing the essential properties without the accompanying explanations.
Types of Abstraction
- Procedural abstraction – It includes a series of instructions with specified functions.
- Control abstraction – It is a program control mechanism where interior details are not specified.
- Data abstraction – It is a set of data that specifies and describes a data object.

Implementation of Abstraction in Java
Output:
Starting Two Wheeler
Stopping Vehicle in abstract class
Starting Four Wheeler
Stopping Vehicle in abstract class
You can also find the output of this java compiler code here.
Advantages of Abstraction
- The primary advantage of using an Abstraction in programming is that it allows you to group similar classes together as siblings.
- Abstraction in Oops(Object-Oriented Programming) helps to reduce the complexity of the design and implementation process.