Introduction
Functional Testing is a type of Software Testing in which every feature of the software application is tested for the desired output. If the software system has all of its applications running as expected, then the software is considered Functionally tested software. Each function is provided a set of inputs. It is then determined by comparing the obtained results with the actual results. At various stages of software development, Functional Testing is being done.
Functional Testing is also called Black-Box Testing because the testers determine the result only by comparing the inputs and outputs. Only the program is checked, not the system. It even helps in understanding whether the system software is ready to deploy live. Let us discuss some of the most-asked Functional Testing Interview questions.
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Easy Level Interview Questions
Here is a list of some basic functional testing interview questions.
1. What is functional testing?
Ans: Functional testing is a software testing technique that assesses a software application's functionality by testing its individual features or functions and it verifies that the application performs as expected according to the client requirements.
2. Explain the purpose of Functional Testing?
Ans: The purpose of Functional Testing is to validate that a software application's individual features and functions work as intended. It tries to ensure that the software meets user requirements and it functions properly under different conditions before it is deployed.
3. How does Functional Testing work?
Ans: There are predefined test cases that are executed during the test execution phase of functional testing. During this phase, inputs are provided to specific functions of the software applications, and the outputs are compared with the expected results. Any errors are documented properly and the stakeholders are notified to ensure they are fixed quickly.
4. Why Functional Testing is called Black-Box Testing
Ans: Functional testing is a Black Box software testing in which it focuses on whether the system is providing the desired output or not. It just checks whether the software is generating the output to satisfy the requirements.
5. What is the role of a functional tester?
Ans: The role of a functional tester is to carefully assess software applications by executing the predefined test cases and scripts. They verify that the software functions according to specified requirements, identifying defects and discrepancies between expected and actual outcomes. A functional tester must have effective communication skills to delegate the error details to the product stakeholders properly.
6. What is the difference between functional and non-functional testing?
Ans: Functional Testing: It is a type of testing in which each component in the software is being tested by providing inputs and comparing between the outputs received and the desired outputs.
Non-Functional testing: It is a type of Testing that looks after the system's performance, stability, security etc.
7. Is functional testing manual or automation?
Ans: Functional testing can be either manual or automated. Let's discuss both of these techniques.
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Manual Functional Testing: In manual functional testing, the testers manually interact with the software applications and execute test cases, input data, and observe the outputs.
- Automated Functional Testing: Automated functional testing involves using testing tools and scripts to perform test cases automatically. It is more effective for complex software applications, where manual testing will take a lot of time.
8. What do you mean by Black Box Testing?
Ans: Black Box testing is a technique where testing is only done on the basis of requirements and specifications. No importance is given to the internal structure of the system or its implementation.
9. What are the different methods for Functional testing?
Ans: Functional Testing aims at providing the expected results for the user and works as expected. These are the methods in functional testing:
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Unit testing
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Integration testing
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Smoke testing
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Regression testing
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System Testing
- User Acceptance Testing
10. What is the use of a Traceability Matrix?
Ans: In manual testing, a traceability matrix is a valuable tool that is used for maintaining links between various elements of the testing process. Let's discuss some of its use cases.
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Test Case Management: It serves as a centralized document for managing and organizing the test cases. Testers can easily access and update test cases according to the project requirements.
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Defect Tracking: When defects are identified during testing, the Traceability Matrix can link them to the specific test cases that revealed them.
- Change Management: In case of changes or updates to project requirements, the Traceability Matrix helps identify which test cases need to be modified or added to accommodate these changes.
11. What do you mean by Adhoc Testing?
Ans: It refers to the type of testing in which there is no planning done, and a part of the application is randomly checked to find defects. It is majorly done when there is a time constraint. It doesn't focus on the requirements of the application.
12. What is Acceptance Testing?
Ans: Acceptance testing is done either by the end-user or the client. It helps understand whether the application is working as expected and is fulling the demands of the end user. If Accepted, the application is ready for the production phase.
13. What is GUI testing?
Ans: GUI testing is a software testing technique that evaluates a software application's graphical elements and user interactions. It verifies that the functionality of user interface components, such as buttons, menus, forms, and navigation.
14. What is Stress Testing?
Ans: Some stress is given to the application, and the point just before the system crashes is called the stress point. It helps in understanding the performance and capability of the application.
15. What do you understand by the term Fault?
Ans: Fault can be regarded as a situation where the system is failing while performing a specified function.
16. What do you mean by Bug Leakage?
Ans: It refers to a condition where the Bug is identified by the end user. This bug was not able to be found by testers while testing the application.
17. What do you understand by the term Bug Release?
Ans: It is a condition when a bug of low severity is being released in a specific known software version. It was already known by the testers/developers.