Information Technology (IT) job interview questions

Medium-Level Interview Questions

Let us discuss some Medium-level IT Interview questions.

Q11. Can you explain the difference between a front-end and a back-end developer?

Answers:  Front-end developers design and create the user interface and user experience. It means they work on the UI/UX of websites or applications. They work on languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Back-end developers take care of the server side of a website or application. It includes databases, APIs, etc. They work on languages like PHP, Ruby, and Python.

Q12. What is your experience with DevOps and automation tools?

Answers:  I have worked on automation and DevOps tools like Jenkins, Ansible, and Docker. I am aware of the advantages of automation, including increasing efficiency. It minimizes the chance of error and has many more advantages. Automation and DevOps are two main widely used in the software industry. Of these two, I am more confident in automation and use Python for Automation.

Q13. Can you walk me through the software development life cycle (SDLC)?

Answers:  It is a step-by-step guide for software developers. It helps guide them on the steps to develop a software product. It includes collecting information, analysis of risk, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Each step is essential to ensure product quality and functionality. It promotes an organized and efficient software development process.

Q14. What is your experience with version control systems such as Git?

Answers:  I am used to Git and used version control systems in my various projects, known for all its features and functionalities. I have good knowledge of Git commands. I am known to clone, push, pull, merge orders, and many more. I know the importance of version control systems in software development. It helps maintain the stability and integrity of the code.

Q15. Can you describe your experience with cloud computing platforms like AWS or Azure?

Answers:  I have worked on AWS and Azure. I have a solid understanding of cloud computing fundamentals, including virtualization, scalability, and security. I have deployed applications on the cloud in multiple projects and know about cloud-based storage and data services. Cloud computing is an essential pillar of the future IT industry.

Q16. What is cache memory, and what is its purpose?

Answers:  The data that is to be used again and again is stored in cache memory. It is high-speed memory. Easy to access memory, no overhead. It is built to improve performance. It can be achieved by cpu not accessing the main memory repeatedly. Cache memory is close to cpu. This data access is speedy.

Q17. Can you explain the difference between a process and a thread?

Answers:  The process is an independent program running in its memory space and uses resources like files and network sockets. Thread is a lightweight unit of execution within the process. A thread can execute simultaneously with another thread. It increases efficiency and promotes concurrency.

Q18. What is the role of a database administrator?

Answers:  It is responsible for database performance, security, and reliability. Its task is to install and upgrade database software. It is used in creating and maintaining databases. It ensures data security and the performance of the database.

Q19. Can you explain the differences between a router, switch, and hub?

Answers:  These are networking devices used to connect devices in a network. The router forwards packets between networks. The router helps in providing security and connecting to multiple networks. Switches dispatch data to intended receipts on a LAN by connecting multiple devices. It uses dedicated bandwidth. Hubs need to be updated. Broadcast incoming data to connected devices. Hubs do not optimize network traffic. 

Q20. Can you explain the difference between horizontal scaling and vertical scaling?

Answers:  Adding more nodes to the system is called Horizontal scaling, and more resources to a single node is called vertical scaling. Horizontal scaling enhances system availability and fault tolerance. Vertical scaling improves performance.

Click on the following link to read further: Javascript Interview Questions and Answers

Hard-Level Interview Questions

Let us discuss some Hard-level IT Interview questions.

Q21. What is a database transaction, and why is it important?

Answers:  A transaction is a unit of work the database management system performs. Consistency and integrity are maintained during the execution of the database operations. Database management system ensures that all operations within are completed or rolled back. It maintains the character and integrity of data in the databases.

Q22. Can you explain the concept of responsive design in web development?

Answers:  Responsive design offers optimal viewing experiences across different devices and adjusts the layout and content concerning the device's aspect ratio. Provide the user easy reading, navigation, and minimal resizing, panning, and scrolling. Offer optimal user experience.

Q23. Can you explain the importance of cybersecurity in IT?

Answers:  Cybersecurity helps keep your computer, internet, and important information safe from bad guys who want to steal or harm it. It helps keep your money and personal information safe and ensures that businesses can keep working. Rules like PCI, DSS, and HIPAA help ensure everyone keeps their information safe. Cybersecurity also helps keep our country safe by keeping critical systems like power plants and transportation security. In simple words, cybersecurity helps keep your data and the world safe.

Q24. Can you explain an API and describe how you have used APIs in your work?

Answers:  I have used APIs in multiple projects to communicate and exchange data between software systems. I have received and manipulated data from external sources through APIs. It includes databases and web services. I have used API in a design weather app to retrieve data from weather service.

Q25. Can you explain what a load balancer is and its use?

Answers:  Load balancers distribute network or application traffic across multiple servers to improve performance and availability. It ensures that no single server faces an overload of traffic and provides a single entry point for incoming traffic. It enhances a system's overall performance and reliability by distributing traffic. load balancers can be crucial for many large-scale and highly-available systems.

Q26. Can you explain the difference between relational databases and NoSQL databases?

Answers:  In relational databases, data is in tables containing rows and columns. It is stored in a structured manner. NoSQL database is flexible. No defined structure for storing data. Unlike relational databases, In NoSQL, data is not stored in a table having rows and columns. That is no defined schema. Data in NoSQL is in the form of key-value pairs, documents, or graphs. NoSQL is famous for its flexible nature, which handles structured and semi-structured data. A relational database handles structural data.

Q27. Can you explain the differences between TCP and UDP protocols?

Answers:  These two are protocols to transmit data over the network. TCP is a reliable connection. TCP is slow, UDP doesn’t establish a connection, and UDP is unreliable and fast. TCP checks for errors and lost packets are sent again. In UDP error check is not compulsory; the lost packet is not sent again. UDP is used for streaming purposes. Email services use TCP.

Q28. How do you ensure the security of sensitive data and prevent data breaches?

Answers:  Security can be ensured using the best data protection and encryption practices. The secure protocol can be used for data transfer and storage. It establishes access controls and authentication mechanisms. I always stay informed about the latest security threats and vulnerabilities. I always try to keep the system patched and updated to the latest security fixes.

Q29. Can you explain DevOps and how you have used it in your work?

Answers:  I practice DevOps to enhance collaboration and communication between teams. I implemented continuous integration and delivery pipelines in several projects. It is done to achieve automation of the build, test, and deployment process. My DevOps approach has increased the speed and reliability of software products.

Q30. What is the purpose of the Clock page replacement algorithm?

Answers:  The purpose of the Clock page replacement algorithm is to reduce the overhead of keeping track of the usage of each page in memory, as compared to the LRU page replacement algorithm. This algorithm uses a circular queue and a hand that points to the page to be replaced. The algorithm replaces the page pointed to by the hand if its use bit is 0.

Conclusion

It was all about the IT Interview questions. From this, you can relate to the IT Interview questions you will face during the interview rounds and understand the computer science fundamentals. You can read the Interview experience on our platform Coding Ninjas Studio. Learn the Basics of Java and Data structures and Algorithms in Java on Coding Ninjas. Refer to our guided path on code studio to learn more about Competitive Programming, Javascript, System Design, etc. Enroll in our courses and refer to the mock test and Problems available.

Happy Learning, Ninjas.