Introduction
The Laravel is an open-source PHP framework that is robust and easy to understand. It follows an MVC(model-view-controller) design pattern. Laravel reuses the existing components of different frameworks, which helps create a web application. The web application thus designed is more structured and pragmatic.
Laravel offers a rich set of functionalities that incorporates the basic features of PHP frameworks like CodeIgniter, Yii, and other programming languages like Ruby on Rails. Laravel has a rich set of features that will boost the speed of web development.
If you are familiar with Core and Advanced PHP, Laravel will make your task easier. It saves a lot of time if you plan to develop a website from scratch. Furthermore, a website built in Laravel is secure and prevents several web attacks.
Here are some of the most asked Laravel Interview Questions.
Laravel Interview Questions For Freshers
Here are some of the basic level Laravel Interview Questions.
1. What is Laravel Framework?
The Laravel is an open-source, widely used PHP framework. This platform was intended for the development of web applications by using MVC architectural patterns. Laravel is released under the MIT license.
Hence, its source code is hosted on GitHub. It is a reliable PHP framework that follows explicit and accurate language rules.
2. What is the latest Laravel version?
The latest Laravel version is 10.x. New features, upgrades, and additions often appear in new versions. As a result, programmers can benefit from the framework's most recent tools, features, and capabilities. Security is among the most crucial justifications for keeping your software updated. Additionally, updated versions of frameworks like Laravel frequently include bug patches for problems that were found in earlier iterations.
3. What is a composer, and how can we install Laravel by the composer?
Composer is an application-level package manager for PHP. It supplies a standard format for managing PHP software dependencies and libraries.
For example, one of the most used packages for authentication will be Passport. To include that into your project, you can run the below command on your terminal:
composer requires laravel/passport
Follow these steps to install Laravel using Composer:
Step 1: Install Composer: You must download and install Composer if it isn't already on your computer.
Step 2: New Laravel Project Creation: After installing Composer, you can use it to start a new Laravel project. Go to the directory where you wish to build your Laravel project by opening your terminal or command prompt. Run the following command after that:
Composer create-project laravel/laravel project-name
Step 3: Navigate to Project Directory: When the installation is finished, go to the project directory that was just created.
cd project-nameStep 4: Run the development server.
4. How will you explain HTTP middleware in Laravel?
HTTP middleware is a technique for filtering HTTP requests. The Laravel includes a middleware that checks whether the application user is authenticated or not.
5. What do you mean by bundles in Laravel?
Bundles are referred to as packages which we use to increase the functionality of Laravel. A package can have configuration, views, migrations, routes, and tasks.
6. What are the advantages of using Laravel?
The following are some of the main benefits of utilising Laravel for creating web applications:
-
Numerous tools and built-in capabilities in Laravel accelerate the development process.
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Developers can build understandable and maintainable code more easily because to Laravel's clear and expressive syntax.
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Version control and managing database schema changes are made simple with Laravel's migration system.
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A robust command-line interface (CLI) for Laravel is called Artisan. For activities like generating code, making database tables, conducting migrations, and more, Artisan offers a set of pre-built tools.
7. Explain Auth?
Auth is a method of identifying user login credentials with a password. In Laravel, we can manage it with a session that takes two parameters:
-
username
- password
8. Explain faker in Laravel?
It is a type of module or package which are used to create fake data. We can use this data for testing purposes.
We can also use it to generate:
- Numbers
- Addresses
- DateTime
- Payments
- Lorem text.
9. Define Implicit Controller?
Implicit Controllers aid you in defining a proper route to handle controller action. We can define them in the route.php file with the Route:: controller() method.
10. What is Eloquent?
Eloquent is an ORM(Object-relational mapping) used in Laravel. It supplies simple active record implementation working with the database. Every database table has its Model, which interacts with the table.
11. Define Laravel guard?
The Laravel guard is a special component we use to find authenticated users. The incoming request is initially routed through this guard to validate credentials entered by users. Guards are defined in the ../config/auth.php file.
12. Explain collections in Laravel?
Laravel Collections is a wrapper class we use to work with arrays. The Laravel Eloquent queries use the most common functions to return database results.
13. What is the Laravel API rate limit?
It is a feature of Laravel. It provides handle throttling. Rate limiting helps Laravel developers develop a secure application and prevent DOS attacks.
14. What is the difference between authorization & authentication?
Authorization means gathering access to the system, while authentication means confirming user identities through credentials.
15. What do you mean by Laravel Dusk?
Laravel Dusk is a tool that is used for testing JavaScript-enabled applications. It provides powerful browser automation and testing API.
16. What databases are supported by Laravel?
Laravel supports several databases, including MySQL, Postgres, SQLite, and SQL Server. You can configure your database connections in the app/config/database.php file, where examples for each supported database system are provided.
17. What are the default routing files in Laravel?
In Laravel, routes are defined in the routes/web.php file for web routes and routes/api.php for API routes. The framework automatically loads these files from the routes directory, with web.php routes assigned to the web middleware group and api.php routes assigned to the API middleware group.
18. What is the role of service providers in Laravel?
Service providers in Laravel handle the bootstrapping and configuration of application services. They bind classes into the service container, register services, and set up various application components. Service providers are located in the app/Providers directory.
19. How do Laravel's job queues function?
Laravel's job queues enable the deferral of resource-intensive tasks, like sending emails or processing files, to background processes. Jobs are added to a queue and processed by a worker, enhancing the application's performance and responsiveness.
20. How is Laravel's caching system utilized?
Laravel's caching system boosts performance by storing frequently accessed data. The Cache facade is used to manage caching, with methods like Cache::put('key', 'value', $minutes) to store data temporarily and Cache::get('key') to retrieve it.
Intermediate Level Laravel Interview Questions
Here are some of the intermediate-level Laravel Interview Questions.
21. Explain necessary directories used in a common Laravel application?
Directories used in a common Laravel application are
-
Config/: Holds the app's configuration files. These are usually not modified directly but rely on the values set up in the .env (environment) file at the app's root.
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App/: This is the source folder where our application code lies. All controllers, policies, and models are in this folder.
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Public/: Publicly accessible folder having compiled assets and an index.php file.
- Database/: It houses the database files, including migrations, seeds, and test factories.
22. What is reverse Routing in Laravel?
Reverse routing in laravel means the process used to generate the URLs based on the names or symbols. The URLs are being generated based on their route declarations.
With reverse routing, the application becomes more flexible and provides a better interface for the developer to write cleaner codes in the View.
23. What is Database Migration, and how to use this in Laravel?
Database migration is like the database's version control, allowing the team to modify and share the application's database schema.
Database migrations are paired with the schema builder of Laravel, which is used to build the application's database schema.
24. What is a Service Container?
A laravel service container is one of the most powerful tools used to manage dependencies over the class and perform dependency injections.
Advantages of Service Container:
-
Freedom to manage class dependencies on object creation.
-
Service contain as Registry.
- Ability to bind interfaces to concrete classes.
25. What is with() in Laravel?
We use the with() function to eager load in Laravel. Unless using two or more separate queries to fetch data from the database, we can use it with the () method after the first command. It provides a better user experience as we do not have to wait for a longer period to fetch data from the database.
26. What is composer lock in Laravel?
After running the composer install in the project directory, the composer will generate the composer.lock file. It will record all the dependencies and sub-dependencies installed by composer.json.
27. What are the differences between Laravel & CodeIgniter frameworks?
There are several differences between Laravel & CodeIgniter frameworks; some main differences are shown in the table below.
Laravel Framework |
CodeIgniter Framework |
|---|---|
| Relational object-oriented | Object-oriented |
| Supports custom HTTPS routes | Does not support HTTPS routes fully |
| Has authentication class features | No built-in authentication features |
| Has an inbuilt unit testing feature | No inbuilt unit testing feature |
| Use blade templates | Does not use blade templates |
| Not easy to learn for beginners | Easy to learn for beginners |
| Easy to develop REST APIs | Not easy to develop REST APIs |
| Supports ORM | Does not support ORM |
28. What is the Repository pattern in laravel?
It allows using objects without having to know how these objects are persisted. It is an abstraction of the data layer. Our business logic does not need to understand how data is retrieved. The business logic relies on the repository to get the correct data.
It decouples our application's data access layers and business logic.
29. Explain the concept of encryption & decryption in Laravel.
Encryption is transforming any message using some algorithms so that the third user cannot read information. Encryption is quite helpful in protecting your sensitive information from an intruder.
We perform encryption using a Cryptography process. The message before encryption is called plain message, and the message obtained after the encryption is referred to as cipher message. This process is called decryption when converting cipher text to plain text or message.
30. What is a Singleton design pattern in laravel?
The Singleton Design Pattern in Laravel is one where a class presents a single instance of itself. It is used to restrict the instantiation of a class to a single object. It is useful when only one instance is required across the system. When used properly, the first call shall instantiate the object; after that, we shall return all calls to the same instantiated object.
31. How to rollback a particular migration in the laravel?
If we want to rollback a specific migration, look in your migrations table. We'll see each migration table has its batch number. So, when we roll back, each migration that was part of the last batch gets rolled back.
Use the command to rollback the last batch of migration
php artisan migrate:rollback --step = 132. What is tinker in laravel?
Laravel Tinker is a powerful REPL tool that interacts with the Laravel application's command line in an interactive shell. Tinker came with the Larvel release of version 5.4 and is extracted into a separate package.
To execute tinker, we can use the command:
php artisan tinker33. What is the use of Accessors & Mutators?
Laravel accessors and mutators are custom-defined methods that let you format Eloquent attributes. We use Accessors to format attributes when you retrieve them from the database.
Defining an accessor
Syntax of an accessor is where getNameAttribute() Name is capitalized attribute we want to access.
public function getNameAttribute($value)
{
return ucfirst($value);
}
Defining a mutator
The Mutators format the attributes before saving to the database.
Syntax of a mutator function is where setNameAttribute() Name is a camel-cased column we want to access. So, let's use our Name column, but this time we want to make a change before saving it to the database:
public function setNameAttribute($value)
{
$this->attributes['name'] = ucfirst($value);
}34. What is a lumen?
Lumen is a newly introduced micro PHP framework that is a faster, smaller, and leaner version of a full web application. It is introduced by Taylor Otwell, the creator of Laravel. It uses the same components as Laravel, but especially for microservices.
It has a simple installer like Laravel. You have to use this command to install lumen.
composer global require "laravel/lumen-installer = ~1.0"35. What are gates in laravel?
The Laravel Gate holds a sophisticated mechanism that ensures the users are authorized to perform actions on the resources. Gate does not define the implementation of the models. It renders the users the freedom of writing every complex spec of the use case that a user has in any way they wish. Moreover, we can also use the ACL packages with the Laravel Gate. With the help of Gate, users can decouple access and business logic. We can remove this way clutter from the controllers.
36. How do you use skip() and take() in Laravel queries?
The skip() and take() methods in Laravel queries allow you to control the number of results retrieved. skip() is used to bypass a specified number of records, while take() limits the number of records returned by the query.
37. What does REPL stand for?
REPL stands for Read-Eval-Print Loop. It is an interactive shell that processes user inputs one at a time, evaluates them, and returns the results. REPLs are commonly used in programming languages like Ruby and Python for testing and experimentation.
38. How does Laravel’s cache tag work?
Laravel’s cache tag feature enables you to categorize and manage cache entries more effectively. By tagging cache items, you can group them and clear all tagged entries simultaneously. For instance, Cache::tags(['users'])->put('key', 'value', $minutes) assigns a tag, and Cache::tags(['users'])->flush() removes all entries with that tag.
39. How can you stop an Artisan service in Laravel?
To stop an Artisan service, open Task Manager with Ctrl + Shift + ESC, locate the PHP process running Artisan, and end it. Afterward, restart your command line and attempt to restart the server.
40. What does the Route::resource method do in Laravel?
The Route::resource method in Laravel simplifies route creation by automatically mapping standard CRUD operations (index, create, store, show, edit, update, destroy) to corresponding controller methods, streamlining the routing process.
41. What is Laravel Nova?
Laravel Nova is an administration panel for Laravel applications that provides an intuitive interface for managing database records. It integrates seamlessly with Eloquent models and offers features for easy installation and maintenance.
42. What is seeding in Laravel?
Seeding in Laravel involves populating the database with test data using seeders. This practice helps developers test their applications with sample data and identify issues, improving the overall performance and functionality.
43. What is the role of Laravel’s config function?
The config function in Laravel retrieves configuration values from files in the config directory. It allows dynamic access to settings, such as config('app.name'), which fetches the name value from config/app.php.
44. What are Laravel's registries?
In Laravel, registries like the Illuminate\Http\Request class are used to handle HTTP requests and session cookies. After a request is made to a route, the request object is accessible within controller methods through dependency injection.
45. What does Laravel’s FormRequest class do?
The FormRequest class in Laravel manages request validation and authorization logic separately from controllers. It centralizes validation rules and authorization checks, keeping controller methods clean. Create form requests with php artisan make:request RequestName and use them by injecting into controller methods.
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