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Introduction
Welcome, Ninjas! This blog will cover ASP.NET MVC interview questions in easy, medium, and hard categories.
ASP.NET is developed by Microsoft. It is a web application framework that allows developers to build dynamic and scalable web applications. Model View Controller forms a software design pattern that separates the business logic (model) from the presentation layer or the user interface. It divides the application into logical components - Model, View, and Controller.
This blog covers a set of ASP.NET MVC interview questions. The ASP.NET MVC interview questions will give you a brief understanding of what questions are asked in such interviews and prepare you for the same.
Beginner Level MVC Interview Questions
1. What is a Model View Controller(MVC)?
Model View Controller is a software design pattern that separates the business logic (model) from the presentation layer or the user interface. It divides the application into logical components - Model, View, and Controller. Each component focuses on different developmental aspects of the application. It is developed by Trygve Reenskaug.
2. Give some advantages of MVC.
Model View Controller is a software design pattern that separates the business logic (model) from the presentation layer or the user interface. MVC lays out various benefits. Some of these are
It divides the application into Model, View, and controller. This makes it easier to develop the application.
It is easy to maintain the application as we can easily find and fix errors and bugs, i.e., better debugging.
It is scalable and thus can handle significant traffic.
It has improved testing features.
3. What are the different ways of rendering a Partial View in ASP.NET MVC?
In ASP .Net MVC, four methods help in rendering a partial view.
The four methods include:
RenderPartial: Using this technique, a partial view contained within another view is directly rendered. Instead of giving back a string, it just publishes the partial view to the output stream.
RenderAction: With the help of this technique, you can render a partial view by calling a controller action. When you wish to run controller logic before to rendering the partial view, this is helpful.
Partial: A partial view is rendered using this technique inside another view. The displayed content is returned as a string, which you can then use in your view.
Action helper: By calling a controller action from within your main view, you can render a partial view using the Action Helper method.
4. What do you understand about ASP .NET?
ASP.NET is developed by Microsoft. It is a web application framework that allows developers to build dynamic and scalable websites and web applications. It forms a part of the .NET platform. Hence, it provides tools and libraries for building web applications.
5. What are AREAS in MVC?
The Areas concept was introduced in ASP .NET MVC2. Areas are used to group the components with the same functionality within an application. An Area consists of its own models, views, and controllers, as well as its routes and configuration.
6. What is Routing in ASP .NET MVC?
Routing, in general, means selecting a path for the transfer of data or packets. In MVC, Routing represents incoming mapping requests from the browser to specific controller actions. The default routing for any MVC Application is defined in the file RouteConfig.cs.
7. What is tempdata in MVC?
TempData is a dictionary-like object that stores temporary data for requests. This data can be transferred, and the transfers include:
from the controller to view
from view to controller
from one action method to another action method
8. What is Spring MVC?
Spring MVC is a Java framework based on MVC, i.e., it follows the same architectural design of dividing the application into model, view, and controller. It uses the class DispatcherServlet, which receives requests and maps them to the right resources.
9. What are the different return types used by the controller action method in MVC?
In ASP.NET MVC, controller action methods are in charge of managing incoming requests, carrying out required processing, and providing the client with a response. Depending on the kind of answer that a controller action method needs to produce, it can have a variety of return kinds. The following are typical return types used by MVC controller action methods:
ViewResult
PartialViewResult
JsonResult
RedirectResult
RedirectToRouteResult
FileResult
ContentResult
EmptyResult
10. What is the get and post action types?
In MVC, bis HttpGet and HttpPost are the methods of transferring client data to the server. They are used to post data from web pages to the server. HttpGet binds data to the URL as a query string, whereas the HttpPost doesn't bind the data to the URL and is more secure.
Intermediate Level MVC Interview Questions
11. How do you plan to manage sessions in MVC?
The most common approach is to use the ASP.NET Core Session middleware. This middleware stores session data in a cookie that is sent to the client with each response. The client then sends the cookie back to the server with each request, allowing the server to track the user's session across multiple requests
12. How would you describe the three logical layers of MVC?
In MVC, there are three main layers:
Model: Manages data and logic
View: Handles presentation and user interface
Controller: Takes user input and directs data flow
Model stores data, View displays it, and Controller manages user interactions, keeping code organized and maintainable.
13. What do you mean by Scaffolding in MVC?
ASP.NET Scaffolding is a framework that helps in code generation for basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations within ASP.NET Web applications. It helps quickly add the code to the project and interact with data models. It makes it easy to add code and reduces time. When using scaffolding, the generated code for a specific model class can be reused across multiple projects, which helps reduce the amount of time spent on repetitive tasks.
14. What do you mean by model binding?
Model binding is a method to map data retrieved from the HTTP requests, such as query string parameters, to the action method parameters. It acts as a bridge between the requests and the action methods. Model Binding makes it easy to work with data in an application. It also eliminates the need for manual data extraction and parsing.
15. Differentiate between View and Partial View?
Views are complete HTML pages, while partial views are reusable view components that are rendered within other views. Partial views do not contain the layout page and are typically used to display specific sections of a page.
16. Define Partial View in ASP .NET MVC.
In ASP .NET MVC, partial views are the reusable views rendered or embedded within other views. We define Partial Views using the Razor Syntax but store them in the files with the extension .cshtml. They can be reused in multiple places within an application rather than being associated with a specific action and thus can be rendered multiple times within a single page.
17. Explain HTML helpers in MVC?
HTML helpers in MVC are methods that generate HTML markup. They simplify the process of creating HTML forms and controls, and binding them to model data. HTML helpers can also be used to render complex HTML elements.
18. Write the order in which the filters are executed in ASP .NET MVC.
Filters form a part of custom classes, used to add logic that gets executed before and after a specific controller action executes. Filters execute in the following order:
Authorization filters
Action filters
Response filters
Exception filters
Out of these four filters, the Authorization filters are run first. The exception filter is run in the end.
19. What various types of results do we get in MVC?
A controller action returns an action result in response to a browser request. The action results supported by MVC include the following-
ViewResult
EmptyResult.
RedirectResult
JsonResult
JavaScriptResult.
ContentResult
FileContentResult.
FilePathResult
FileStreamResult
20. What are filters in MVC?
In MVC, an Action Method is a public method that handles an HTTP request to a URL from a client and returns the result as a view after performing a specific task. Filters form a part of custom classes, used to add logic that gets executed before and after a specific controller action executes.
21. Mention what is the difference between Temp data, View, and View Bag?
Here is a table that summarizes the key differences between TempData, ViewData, and ViewBag:
Feature
TempData
ViewData
ViewBag
Scope
Controller action to controller action
Controller action to view
Controller action to view
Lifetime
Duration of HTTP request
Duration of view rendering
Duration of view rendering
Typecasting required
Yes
Yes
No
Performance
Slower
Faster
Slower
22. Give differences between ViewBag & ViewData?
ViewData is a dictionary object in MVC that provides a way to pass data from a controller to a view. ViewBag is a dynamic object that allows passing data from a controller to a view. Viewdata is faster than ViewBag.
Some of the differences between them are mentioned below.
ViewData requires typecasting for complex types, whereas ViewBag doesn’t have typecasting and null checks
ViewData is more prone to errors, whereas ViewBag has robust safety features and supports IntelliSense. ViewBag is generally preferred
23. What do you mean by MVVM pattern?
MVVM refers to Model-View-ViewModel. Some of its features are as follows:
It is a design pattern used in software development to develop applications that clearly distinguish between the view, view model, and model.
It isolates presentation logic from business logic.
It thus allows for better code maintainability, testability, and reusability.
24. What do you mean by Minification in MVC?
Minification is one of the techniques used to reduce the request load time by reducing the number of requests to the server. To reduce the size of the downloaded files, it eliminates whitespace and applies other compression methods. The process recognizes the user agent at runtime, such as IE, Mozilla, etc., and removes it.
25.What is dependency injection in MVC?
A design pattern divides a class's responsibility for creating dependencies. As a result, the two implementations are independent of one another. It is an inversion of the control technique. Dependency Injection manages the relationships between objects in your application. It also ensures that objects are properly instantiated. It is helpful because it eliminates the need to change any code if an object depends on it, simplifying the program.
Advanced Level MVC Interview Questions
26. What do you understand by Razor Syntax? Mention its rules.
Razor is a lightweight template engine used in ASP.NET MVC to develop dynamic web pages. It allows one to combine the C# code with the HTML in views to develop dynamic web pages.
Some rules of Razor syntax are
Razor codes are always included within the "@" symbol to indicate to the Razor engine that the following text is code and not HTML.
The Razor Code statements should end with a semicolon.
C# file will have the extension .cshtml.
Razor code is case-insensitive, i.e., the developers can use either upper or lower-case characters when writing Razor code.
27. Differentiate between Razor and ASPX View Engine in MVC?
ASPX and Razor are two view engines used in ASP.NET MVC. ASPX is the older view engine, and it is based on the Web Forms technology. Razor is a newer view engine, and it was introduced with ASP.NET MVC 3.
Here is a table that summarizes the key differences between Razor and ASPX:
Feature
Razor
ASPX
Syntax
Simple and concise
Complex and verbose
Readability and maintainability
Easier to read and maintain
More difficult to read and maintain
Flexibility and control
Less flexible and offers less control
More flexible and offers more control
Performance
Slower
Faster
Support for modern web development
Supports dynamic layouts and templates
Does not support dynamic layouts and templates
28. Give one difference between ASP.NET WebForm and ASP.NET MVC?
Model View Controller is a software design pattern that separates the business logic (model) from the presentation layer or the user interface. The web application technology ASP.NET Web Forms is supported by Microsoft. Web Forms applications can be made using any programming language that supports the Common Language Runtime, such as C# or Visual Basic.
Web Forms follows a traditional event-driven development model for creating web applications. MVC divides the application into Model, View, and Controller.
29. What are the commonly used tools for Unit Testing in ASP.NET MVC?
There are various tools for Unit Testing for ASP.NET MVC testing:
NUnit - It comes with a test runner GUI and a command-line utility. NUnit is also available as a NuGet package for download.
xUnit.NET - It is used to run automated unit tests in a very clean syntax.
Ninject 2 - It is used to wire up classes in one’s application.
Moq - It provides for mocking interfaces and classes during unit testing.
30. How do we handle exceptions in the Spring MVC framework?
We can handle the Exceptions in Spring using the following ways:
Controller-based
The @ExceptionHandler annotation is used to write exception-handling methods in the controller classes.
Global Exception Handler
The @ControllerAdvice is used to write the global exception handlers. We can use them with any class.
HandlerExceptionResolver
This is an additional way to create a global exception handler. Spring provides a HandlerExceptionResolver interface implemented to develop a global exception handler.
31. How do the model & view component work in MVC?
MVC divides the application into logical components - Model, View, and Controller. Working of Model and View component are as follows:
Model Component: The application's data and business logic are stored in the model component. It maintains and updates the application's data. It gives the view component the information it needs to present the application's data to the user. It also ensures that the program uses accurate and current data.
View Component: It displays the model component’s data to the user. Additionally, it receives user inputs, such as keyboard events and clicks, and passes them to the controller component. The view component renders the program's user interface. It is commonly developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
32. How does MVC handle changes to the controller component?
Changes to the controller component in MVC are typically handled by updating the controller's business logic and decision-making processes. The controller component is responsible for receiving user inputs and updating the data model, so changes to the controller can affect the behavior of the entire application. It is important to carefully test any changes made to the controller component to ensure that the application continues functioning as expected.
33. What is the difference between MVVM and MVC?
MVVM refers to Model-View-ViewModel. It is a design pattern used in software development to develop applications that clearly distinguish between the view, view model, and model. On the other hand, MVC divides the application into logical components - Model, View, and Controller.
There are various differences between the two of them. Some of them are mentioned below.
In MVC, the entry point to the application is the Controller, whereas, in MVVM, the entry point to the application is the view.
In MVVM, the debugging process is easier.
One-to-many relationships exist between the controller and view in MVC, whereas in MVVM, there exist one-to-many relationships between View and ViewModel.
34. What do you mean by Bundling in MVC?
Bundling is one of the techniques used to reduce the request load time by reducing the number of requests to the server.
As the name suggests, bundling bundles one or two things together. It lets us combine multiple JavaScript files or cascading style sheet files so they can be downloaded as a unit rather than making individual HTTP requests.
35. What is loose coupling, and how is it possible?
One of the most important features of the MVC design pattern is that it enables the separation of concerns. This separation can hence make your application’s components independent as much as possible. This is known as loose coupling. Loose Coupling makes testing and maintenance of our application.
36. Describe the role of the webconfig file in an ASP.NET application?
The Web .config file forms an XML file that contains configuration settings for an ASP.NET application. The Web.config file specifies the global settings, such as assembly references and custom error pages. It can specify the settings, such as database connections, error handling policies, and authentication and authorization settings for an application.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is MVC in interview?
MVC (Model View Control) is a software design pattern that is used to separate the business logic (model) from the presentation layer or the user interface. MVC divides the application into separate logic components - Model, View and Controller.
What is MVC application life cycle?
Similar to other web applications, the MVC application life cycle consists of two primary stages. The first is establishing the request object, and the second is sending your response to the browser. There are four primary steps in creating a request object.
How to prepare for MVC interview?
An MVC interview preparation plan should include technical expertise, real-world experience, and strong communication abilities. Some important topics in MVC include MVC architecture, components of MVC, AREAS, routing, scaffolding, model binding, filters, controller actions, tools in Unit Testing in MVC, exception handling etc.
What are the 3 main components of a MVC?
Model, view, and components make up the MVC pattern's three core parts. The data and business logic of the application are represented by the Model. The user interface and data presentation to the user are the responsibilities of the View. The Model and the View are connected through the Controller.
Conclusion
We discussed the mvc interview questions (easy, medium, and hard). The essential concepts, real-world implementations, and recommended practises for answering MVC interview questions have all been covered in this article. Candidates can easily traverse MVC-related conversations during interviews by thoroughly preparing for both the technical and behavioural elements. We hope these questions helped you enhance your knowledge.
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