Introduction
NASA is, without a doubt, the most potent international space agency. Its work, which began in 1958, has enabled some of the most challenging problems in the field of space exploration. In Apollo 11, for example, the first human landed on the Moon due to its programs.
The amount of data NASA has to deal with is staggering. According to Kevin Murphy, NASA's Program Executive for Earth Science Data Systems, NASA - one of the world's largest data generators – generates 12.1TB of data per day from nearly 100 active missions and thousands of sensors and systems all around the world. In a single day, specific missions might create up to 24TB of data. It's a huge task to handle, store, and manage all of this data.
NASA’s Big Data Challenge
Although we may consider NASA's big data dilemma to be an Earthly one, it is far more than that. The majority of huge data sets are identified by significant metadata, yet these enormous data sets provide a challenge to present and future data management practices. Typically, NASA is involved in missions where data is continuously streamed from spacecraft in orbit and on Earth, much faster than we can manage, store, and comprehend it. NASA has two different types of spacecraft. The Deep Space Spacecraft is one, and the Earth Orbiter is the other. Deep space spacecraft send data back in the MB/s range, whereas earth orbiters send data back in the GB/s range, similar to deep-space spacecraft. NASA uses technology such as optical laser communication to accelerate the downloading of large amounts of data by 1000 times. NASA is now unable to handle this volume of data and is preparing for it. As a result, NASA is preparing large-scale missions that will process 24 terabytes of data in a single day. If we consider just one mission, the amount of data it manages is 2.4 times that of the entire Library of Congress.
Because it is exceedingly expensive to transport even a single bit down from spacecraft to NASA's data centres, NASA focuses on getting the most critical data from data rather than gathering everything. After the data has accumulated at the data centres, NASA's primary concern is data storage, management, visualization, and analysis. Climate Change Data Repositories are expected to grow to 230 petabytes by the end of 2030, giving you an indication of what NASA works with. To give you an idea of its size, all of the letters delivered by the US Postal Service in a year equals 5 petabytes.
NASA's data comes from a variety of sources, including spacecraft, web platforms, low-cost sensors, and mobile devices. According to a Harvard Business Review article from October 2012, "every one of us is now a walking data generator." The enormity of the big data challenge appears to be incredibly challenging to cope with for NASA, as it does for many other businesses.
As you might expect, the growing volume of data isn't the only issue NASA is dealing with. As the volume of data increases in this manner, issues such as transmitting, indexing, searching, and many others grow dramatically. Furthermore, the increasing complexity of algorithms and devices, the rate of technological renewal, and the shrinking funding environment all play a role in NASA's approach to big data. It's fortunate that the federal government is putting a lot of emphasis on the big data problem. Obama's government announced a "Big Data Research and Development Initiative" in March 2012. This focuses on improving the processes and technologies needed to extract, organize, and access information from enormous amounts of digital data. Its mission is to transform the government's ability to use big data for biomedical and environmental research, education, national security, and scientific discovery.
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