Table of contents

Addition of Matrices

1.1.

Algorithm

1.2.

Program

Subtraction of Matrices

2.1.

Algorithm

2.2.

Program

Multiplication of Matrices

3.1.

Algorithm

3.2.

Program

FAQs

Key Takeaway’s

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2024

Easy

Operations On Matrices

Author Prachi Singh

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Addition of Matrices

The addition of two matrices, Xm*n and Ym*n, gives a resultant matrix Zm*n. The elements in the resulting matrix Z is the addition of the corresponding elements of two matrices.

Algorithm

The algorithm for the addition of two matrices can be described as

for i in 1 to m
   for j in 1 to n
      zij = xij + yij

Program

// C++ Program for matrix addition
 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
 
    int n = 2, m = 2;
    int y[n][m] = { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 3 } };
    int z[n][m] = { { 1, 2 }, { 2, 1 } };
 
    int x[n][m];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            z[i][j] = x[i][j] + y[i][j];
        }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            cout << z[i][j] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
}

You can also try this code with Online C++ Compiler

Run Code

Output:

4  4
4   4

Time Complexity: O(n * m)

Auxiliary Space: O(n * m)

Subtraction of Matrices

The subtraction of two matrices, Xm*n and Ym*n, gives a resultant matrix Zm*n. The elements in the resulting matrix Z is the subtraction of the corresponding elements of two matrices.

Algorithm

The algorithm for the subtraction of two matrices can be described as

for i in 1 to m
   for j in 1 to n
      zij = xij-yij

Program

// C++ Program for matrix subtraction
 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
 
    int n = 2, m = 2;
    int x[n][m] = { { 4, 8 }, { 3, 8 } };
    int y[n][m] = { { 3, 6 }, { 2, 1 } };
 
    int z[n][m];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            z[i][j] = x[i][j] - y[i][j];
        }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            cout << z[i][j] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
}

You can also try this code with Online C++ Compiler

Run Code

Output:

1  2
1  7

Multiplication of Matrices

The multiplication of two matrices Xm*n and Yn*p gives a matrix Zm*p. It means number of columns in X must be equal to number of rows in Y to calculate Z=X*Y

Algorithm

The algorithm for the multiplication of two matrices can be described as

for i in 1 to m
   for j in 1 to p
      zij = 0
      for k in 1 to n
         zij += xik*ykj

Program

// C++ Program for matrix Multiplication
 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
 
    int n = 2, m = 2;
    int x[n][m] = { { 1, 2 }, { 1, 3 } };
    int y[n][m] = { { 3, 4 }, { 2, 3 } };
 
    int z[n][m];
    int i, j, k;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
        {
            z[i][j] = 0;
            for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
                z[i][j] += x[i][k] * y[k][j];
        }
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            cout << z[i][j] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
}.

You can also try this code with Online C++ Compiler

Run Code

Output:

7  10
9   13

FAQs

1. What are the different operations that can be performed on matrices?

The different operations that can be performed on matrices are addition, subtraction and multiplication.

2. What is the complexity of subtraction operation?

The complexity of subtraction operation is O(m*n).

3. What is the complexity of addition operation?

The complexity of addition operation is O(m*n).

4. What is the complexity of multiplication operation?

The complexity of multiplication operation is O(m*n*p) where m*n and n*p are order of X and Y respectively.

Key Takeaway’s

Congratulations on finishing the blog!! After reading this blog, you will grasp the concept of the Operation of Matrices.

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