Introduction
We are continuously surrounded by electronic equipment that makes our lives easier in our fast-paced technology world, whether in our homes, factories, hospitals, grocery stores, shopping malls, building sites, or cars. Sensors are the name for these gadgets. So, let's delve a little more into the subject and look at what sensors are.
The five sensory organs of the human body such as the ears, which detect sound; the nose, which detects an odor, the eyes, which detect light; the tongue, which detects taste; and the skin, which detects the hotness or coolness of other bodies, are analogous. Similarly, a sensor is an electronic device that detects and responds to some form of physical input and converts the output signal into a human-readable format.
Read about: Sensors vs Actuators, Sensors in IoT
Source:eduCBA
Characteristics of sensors
The general features of sensors are two, namely.
- Static characteristics
- Dynamic Characteristics
Static Characteristics
After a steady-state condition, it's about how a sensor's output changes in reaction to an input change. After stabilizing, the static accuracy reveals how well the sensor signal accurately represents the recorded quantity (i.e., beyond the brief period.) Sensitivity, resolution, linearity, zero drift and full-scale drift, range, repeatability, and reproducibility are some of the static characteristics of sensors.
Sensitivity
It calculates the sensor's output change concerning a unit change in the input (the measured quantity). For instance, the speakers we buy for our home entertainment system may have a sensitivity rating of 79 dB Signal Pressure Level per Watt per meter.
Resolution
The slightest change in the input that the sensor can detect and reliably point out is called resolution. A conventional ruler, for example, has a precision of about 1mm, whereas a vernier caliper has a resolution of 0.0001 inches.
Linearity
The calibration curve determines linearity. Under fixed conditions, the static calibration curve plots the output versus input amplitude. The linearity is explained by its resemblance to a straight line.
Drift
When a sensor is held at a given value for an extended time, it deviates from that reading. The change in sensor output when the input is held constant at a level that (at first) provides a zero reading is referred to as zero drift. Similarly, if the information is kept at a value that initially produces a full-scale deflection, the full-scale drift is the drift. Changes in ambient pressure, temperature, humidity, and so on, or changes in the constituents of the sensor itself, such as age, wear, and so on, could be the cause.
Hysteresis
The sensors' input and output characteristic curves do not match throughout the input change from minor to major (positive stroke) and vice versa, resulting in hysteresis (reverse stroke).
Source: i-scoop
Dynamic Characteristics
The sensor's dynamic characteristics refer to the properties of the sensor's output while the input changes. The dynamic features of a sensor are typically expressed in real-world applications by its response to a set of standard input signals. This is because the sensor's response to a standard input signal is easy to measure experimentally, and the sensor's response to the standard input signal and its response to any other input signal has a strong correlation. Knowing the former is commonly used to estimate the latter. The sensor's key dynamic features are occasionally stated as step-domain unit response performance indicators and frequency-domain frequency characteristics performance indicators; therefore, step response performance indicators are frequently used to convey its dynamic characteristics.
Knowing the dynamic characteristics of a sensor might help you choose the right one. It may show the sensor's many signs and assess whether they are appropriate for the scenario at hand using rigorous discrimination.
Check out: Difference between Sensor and Transduce,Choosing the best sensor for the job
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