SMTP Protocols
There are two types of SMTP models: the end-to-end method and the store-and-forward method.
The end-to-end method is used for communication between different organizations, whereas the store and forward method is utilized within one organization. In order to transmit the mail to the destination, an SMTP client will contact the destination's host SMTP directly. Until the mail is successfully duplicated to the receiver's SMTP server, the SMTP server will retain it to itself.
Communication between sender and receiver
Sending Mail
A series of request and response messages are sent between the client and the server to send mail. A header and a body make up the message that is sent across. The mail header is terminated by a null line, and everything after the null line is considered the message body, which is a sequence of ASCII characters. The real information read by the receipt is contained in the message body.
Receiving Mail
On the server side, the user agent checks the mailboxes at specified intervals. If any information is received, the user will be notified. When the user tries to read the email, it displays a list of emails along with a brief explanation of each one. Users can read the contents of any email by choosing it on the terminal.
SMTP Commands
Given are a few examples of SMTP commands.
Characteristics of SMTP
- Port 25 is used by SMTP.
- It uses persistent TCP connections to send numerous emails at the same time.
- SMTP is a stateless protocol.
- SMTP is a connection-oriented protocol.
- At the transport layer, it uses TCP.
Advantages of SMTP
- In terms of outgoing email messages, SMTP provides reliability.
- Email is the most basic method of communication between computers in a network.
- When a message is not delivered successfully, the SMTP server tries to resend the message until it is delivered properly.
Disadvantages of SMTP
- SMTP does not offer adequate security.
- Only 7-bit ASCII characters are allowed.
- SMTP servers reject email messages that exceed a certain length.
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The transfer of executable and binary files is not possible with SMTP unless they are transformed into text files.
You can also read about mime protocol.
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)
What is HTTP protocol?
HTTPS stands for "Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure." HTTPS is a protocol for communicating securely across a computer network. HTTPS enables websites to be authenticated, preventing unwanted cyberattacks.
When bi-directional communication is used, the HTTPS protocol encrypts the communication to prevent data manipulation. It verifies whether the requested server connection is a genuine connection or not using an SSL certificate. TCP port 443 is used by HTTP.
Which are the protocols used in the Application layer?
Several protocols are used in the Application layer which includes DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP etc.
What is SMTP protocol?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) is an application layer protocol. It is used to send mails.
List most common network topologies?
The most common network topologies are:
1. Mesh topology
2. Bus topology
3. Star topology
4. Ring topology
Conclusion
Cheers if you reached here!!
In this article, we discussed the SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) in the application layer.
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