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Introduction
Spring Boot, a popular framework in the Java ecosystem, simplifies application development by providing a streamlined setup and configuration process. Beneath its user-friendly interface lies a robust architecture that governs its functioning.
In this article, we will learn about Spring Boot architecture. We will also learn about the different layers in the Spring boot architecture. We will also learn about flow in Spring Boot Architecture.
You can also consider our Spring Boot Course to give your career an edge over others.
Let us get started.
What is Spring Boot Architecture?
Spring Boot is a module of the Spring Framework. It is used to create stand-alone, production-grade Spring Based Applications with minimum effort. It is developed on top of the core Spring Framework.
Spring Boot follows a layered architecture in which each layer communicates with the layer directly below or above (hierarchical structure) it.
Layers in Spring Boot Architecture
Before understanding the Spring Boot Architecture, we must know the different layers and classes present in it. There are four layers in Spring Boot are as follows:
Business Layer – Business Logic, Validation & Authorization
Persistence Layer – Storage Logic
Database Layer – Actual Database
Presentation Layer
The presentation layer handles the HTTP requests, translates the JSON parameter to object, and authenticates the request and transfer it to the business layer. In short, it consists of views i.e., frontend part.
Business Layer
The business layer handles all the business logic. It consists of service classes and uses services provided by data access layers. It also performs authorization and validation.
Persistence Layer
The persistence layer contains all the storage logic and translates business objects from and to database rows.
Database Layer
In the database layer, CRUD (create, retrieve, update, delete) operations are performed.
Features of Spring Boot
Launching dependencies
Spring Boot offers a selection of "starter" dependencies that make it simple to incorporate popular capabilities like database support, web development, and messaging into your application.
Autoconfiguration
Based on the JAR dependencies you add to your project, Spring Boot configures several of the Spring Framework's capabilities automatically. This implies that writing a lot of configuration code is not necessary.
Embedded Servers
Creating standalone apps that operate on embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, and Undertow is possible using Spring Boot. As a result, you are exempt from deploying your application to a web server.
Production-ready
Spring Boot has several features that are ready for production, including metrics, health checks, and externalized configuration.
Convention over Configuration
Spring Boot operates under the tenet of "convention over configuration," which implies that it has certain presumptions about the setup of your application.
Spring Boot Flow Architecture
Now we have validator classes, view classes, and utility classes.
Spring Boot uses all the modules of Spring-like Spring MVC, Spring Data, etc.
The architecture of Spring Boot is the same as the architecture of Spring MVC, except for one thing: there is no need for DAO and DAOImpl classes in Spring boot.
Spring Boot architecture has a data access layer and performs CRUD operations.
The client makes the HTTP requests (PUT or GET).
The request goes to the controller, and the controller maps that request and handles it. After that, it calls the service logic if required.
In the service layer, all the business logic performs. It performs the logic on the data that is mapped to JPA with model classes. A JSP page is returned to the user if no error occurred.
Explanation:
Auto-Configuration: Spring Boot simplifies setup by automatically configuring beans and components based on classpath dependencies.
Embedded Servers: It includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow, enabling standalone JAR deployment.
Spring Framework Integration: Leveraging Spring Framework features such as dependency injection and transaction management.
Starter Dependencies: Curated sets of dependencies for common use cases, facilitating rapid application development.
Spring Boot Actuator: Provides production-ready features for monitoring and managing applications.
Externalized Configuration: Supports configuring application properties via YAML, properties files, environment variables, or command-line arguments.
Spring Boot CLI: Command Line Interface for developing Spring Boot applications using Groovy scripts.
Spring Boot Starter Parent: Parent project providing default configurations and plugin management for Spring Boot applications.
Annotation-based Configuration: Configuring beans and components using annotations, promoting convention over configuration.
Advantages of Spring Boot Architecture
Simplified Configuration: Spring Boot offers auto-configuration, reducing the need for extensive configuration, and providing sensible defaults.
Rapid Development: It streamlines application setup, allowing developers to focus on writing code and business logic rather than infrastructure.
Microservices Support: Ideal for building microservices, Spring Boot offers embedded servers and built-in support for creating RESTful APIs.
Built-in Security: Spring Boot provides security features like authentication and authorization out of the box.
Easy Testing: It supports unit and integration testing, making it easier to test components of your application.
Production-Ready: Spring Boot includes production-ready features like health checks, metrics, and monitoring.
Extensive Ecosystem: It integrates seamlessly with the Spring ecosystem, allowing access to a wide range of Spring features and libraries.
Community and Support: Spring Boot has a large and active community, ensuring access to resources, documentation, and community support.
Disadvantages of Spring Boot Architecture
Complexity: Spring Boot may be overkill for simple applications, leading to unnecessary complexity.
Learning Curve: Understanding the auto-configuration and convention-over-configuration approach can be challenging for beginners.
Limited Customization: The auto-configuration can limit fine-grained control and customization for complex scenarios.
Resource Overhead: Spring Boot's flexibility and ease of use can result in higher resource consumption compared to minimalistic frameworks.
Potential Overhead: For small projects, Spring Boot's features may introduce overhead that is not needed.
Dependency Management: Managing dependencies can be complex in projects with many third-party libraries.
Size of Deployables: Spring Boot applications can have larger deployable sizes due to embedded servers and dependencies.
Migration Challenges: Upgrading between Spring Boot versions or migrating from non-Spring-based applications can be complex and time-consuming.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the architecture technique of Spring Boot?
Spring Boot employs auto-configuration, simplifying setup by automatically configuring beans and components based on classpath dependencies.
What is the flow of running the Spring Boot application?
Spring Boot initializes by scanning for dependencies, auto-configuring components, and deploying on an embedded server, enabling standalone JAR execution.
What is the architecture of Spring Boot?
Spring Boot follows a layered architecture. At its core, it uses embedded web servers for handling HTTP requests. It includes components for controllers (request handling), services (business logic), and repositories (data access), simplifying application development with convention-over-configuration and auto-configuration.
Is Spring Boot 3 tier architecture?
Spring Boot does not enforce a specific architecture, but it is often used in a 3-tier architecture. It supports the presentation layer (controllers), business logic layer (services), and data access layer (repositories), making it suitable for such architectures.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Spring Boot offers a streamlined architecture for building Java applications. Its key features include auto-configuration, embedded servers, and a simplified setup, making it a popular choice for developing robust and production-ready applications with minimal boilerplate code and configuration.