Static and Instance Methods in Java

Instance methods in Java

Instance methods in Java are functions defined within a class that operate on instances (objects) of that class. These methods can access instance variables and are invoked using an object of the class. They provide behavior specific to individual objects and can modify the state of the object they belong to.

Let’s understand the instance method with the help of an example.

Example of Instance methods in Java

In the below program, the callme() instance method is being called with the object of the class.

• Java

Java

public class InstanceDemo 
{
 static int a = 13;
 int b = 1199;//instance variable
 void callme() //instance method
{
System.out.println("The value of b = " + b);
}
}
  public class TestThis
  {
 public static void main(String args[]) 
{
 
InstanceDemo id = new InstanceDemo();
 //Instance method is being called using the object of the class
id.callme();
 //Static variable is accessed with the class name
System.out.println("The value of a = " + InstanceDemo.a);
}
}

You can also try this code with Online Java Compiler

Run Code

Output

The value of b = 1199
The value of a = 13

Memory Allocation of Instance Method

In Java, instance method memory allocation involves creating a method frame on the call stack when the method is invoked. This frame holds local variables and parameters. Instance variables, part of the object's memory on the heap, are accessed using the `this` reference. After execution, the frame is removed, and unused memory is eventually garbage collected.

Static Methods in Java

Static methods in Java are methods that belong to a class rather than to instances of the class. They can be called directly on the class itself without needing to create an object. Static methods cannot access instance variables directly, but they can access static variables and other static methods. They are commonly used for utility functions or operations that don't require access to instance-specific data.

When a member is declared static, our program can access it before any class objects are created, i.e. without reference to any object. The most common example of a static member is the main() method. The main() method is declared static because it must be called before any objects exist.

Restrictions

• They can only call other static methods inside them.
• They must only access static data.
• They cannot refer to this or super in any way. 
   

Note: The keyword super is used in inheritance. And, this is used to refer to the instance of the current class.

Example

• Java

Java

public class StaticDemo 
{
 static int a = 13;
 static int b = 1199;
 static void callme() 
{
System.out.println("The value of a = " + a);
}
}
  public class TestThis
  {
 public static void main(String args[]) 
{
 //Static method is being called using the name of the class
StaticDemo.callme();
 //Static variable is accessed with the class name
System.out.println("The value of b = " + StaticDemo.b);
}
}

You can also try this code with Online Java Compiler

Run Code

Output:

The value of a = 13
The value of b = 1199

You can also read about the topic of Difference between argument and parameter 

Memory allocation of static methods

In Java, memory allocation for static methods is different from instance methods. Static methods are associated with the class, not instances, so they don't have a `this` reference. Memory for static methods is allocated on the call stack when the method is invoked, and it's deallocated after execution.

Let’s see some of the main differences between static and instance methods in Java.

You can also compile the java code here.

Must Read Type Conversion in Java

Difference Between Static methods Instance methods in Java

The table below shows the fundamental differences between static methods vs instance methods in Java.

Must Read Static Blocks In Java

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a static method in Java?

A static method in Java belongs to the class rather than an instance, can be called without an object, and cannot access non-static members directly.

Can a static method be overridden?

No, a static method cannot be overridden because it belongs to the class. However, it can be hidden if redefined in a subclass.

What is an instance method in Java?

An instance method in Java is associated with an object of a class, can access instance variables, and requires an object to be called.

Conclusion

Java's static and instance methods serve different purposes in programming. Static methods are class-level and don't require object instantiation, while instance methods are tied to objects and their attributes. Choosing the right method type depends on the specific needs of your program, providing flexibility and organization.

Recommended Reading: 

• Abstract class in java
• Solid Principles in java