Introduction
The transport layer allows application processes on various hosts to communicate logically. Although application processes on different hosts are not physically connected, they use the transport layer's logical communication to transmit messages to one another.
Refer to this link to learn more about Transport Layer.
Problems
Now, we will see gate questions on Transport Layer with their solutions and explanations.
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The size of the congestion window during the slow start phase of the TCP congestion control algorithm
a. does not increase
b. increases quadratically
c. increases linearly
d. increases exponentially
Ans: d
Explanation: Despite the name, the window size is raised by the number of segments acknowledged during the sluggish start phase, which means the window size rises exponentially. This will continue until a segment acknowledgment is received or a preset threshold value is reached.
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Electronic mail is supported by which of the following transport layer protocols?
a. SMTP
b. TCP
c. IC
d. UDP
Ans: b
Explanation: The application layer protocol for e-mail is SMTP. Two transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP. TCP is used by SMTP because it is reliable.
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Which of the following is a transport protocol that uses UDP?
a. HTTP
b. Telnet
c. DNS
d. SMTP
Ans: c
Explanation: UDP is a connectionless, stateless, and unreliable protocol.
TCP is used because HTTP requires the establishment of a connection.
Telnet is a byte stream protocol that requires the establishment of a connection. Hence it employs TCP.
DNS requires request and response and a protocol that allows a server to respond to small inquiries from a large number of users. UDP is the most appropriate protocol for DNS queries because it is fast and stateless.
Since SMTP requires reliability, it employs TCP.
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The transmission rate of this TDM's circuit if the link transmits 4000 frames per second and each slot has 8 bits is:
a. 32 Mbps
b. 64 Kbps
c. 32 Kbps
d. 64 Mbps
Ans: c
Explanation: Transmission rate equals frame rate multiplied by the number of bits in a slot. TDM = 4000 * 8 bps = 32 Kbps Frame rate = 4000 frames per second, number of bits in a slot = 8 bit As a result, option (C) is the correct answer.
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Which procedure is used to shape bursty traffic into fixed-rate traffic by averaging the data rate?
a. hocken helm algorithm
b. spanning-tree algorithm
c. solid bucket algorithm
d. leaky bucket algorithm
Ans: d
Explanation: A leaky bucket algorithm is a form of congestion control that regulates the average data flow rate while checking on data flow. Option (D) is the correct answer.
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In the internet stack, the protocol data unit for the transport layer is
a. segment
b. datagram
c. message
d. frame
Ans: a
Explanation: When TCP is used, the protocol data unit for the transport layer in the internet stack is Segment, and when UDP is used, the protocol data unit is Datagram. Protocol data units for other layers are Layer of the Network: Packet Frame DataLink Layer Stream Physical Layer Message Option (A) in the Application Layer is correct.
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The TCP sliding window
a. can be used to control the flow of information
b. occurs horizontally
c. always occurs when the field value is 0
d. always occurs when the field value is 1
Ans: a
Explanation: The Sliding Window method is used by TCP to manage the flow of data in transit on a network. The sender device can send all packets within the TCP window size without receiving an ACK in Sliding Window. The receiving device should acknowledge each packet it receives, and the sending device should slide the window to the right side after receiving the ACK from the receiving device. As a result, option (A) is the correct answer.
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Which of the following statements are correct
(S1) TCP is in charge of both congestion and flow control
(S2) UDP is in charge of congestion but not flow control
(S3) Slow start method deals with both congestion and flow control
(S4) Fast re-transmit deals with congestion but not flow control.
a. s1,s2,s3
b. s1,s3
c. s3,s4
d. s1,s2,s4
Ans: b
Explanation: 1: Using the TCP window for flow control and the congestion window for congestion control.
2: There are no fields in the UDP header that control flow or congestion.
3: TCP utilizes it to re-transmit out-of-order segments to solve the problem.
4: Slow start, unrelated to flow control
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Which of the following OSI Reference model layers is also known as the end-to-end layer
a. Network layer
b. Data layer
c. Session layer
d. Transport layer
Ans: d
Explanation: The transport layer in the OSI model is in charge of end-to-end communication.
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Assume you're using a web browser to browse the internet and trying to connect to web servers. What are the underlying protocol and the port number that is being used?
a. UDP, 80
b. TCP, 80
c. TCP, 25
d. UDP, 25
Ans: b
Explanation: TCP is used for connection-based data communication and transfer. A TCP connection is required for a browser to connect and access web servers, and it operates on the well-defined port number 80.
We will close the article now with faqs since you get some idea of the gate questions of the transport layer.
Also, Read - Demultiplexer