Unit Testing

A Real-world Example

int Add(int a, int b) { return a+b; }

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The function above takes two numbers and returns their sum.

The following is an example of unit test code:

void TestAdd1() { Assert.IsEqual(Add(5, 10), 15) }

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The unit test above " asserts" that 5 + 10 equals 15. If the Add function returns anything different, Assert.IsEqual will fail the test case.

You'll almost certainly add a few more unit test cases, such as these:

void TestAdd2() { Assert.IsEqual(Add(500, 1000), 1500) }
void TestAdd3() { Assert.IsEqual(Add(0, 1000), 1000) }
void TestAdd4() { Assert.IsEqual(Add(-100, 100), 0) }
void TestAdd5() { Assert.IsEqual(Add(-100, -1100), -1200) }

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You'll run your test cases after you've written them to ensure that everything is operating correctly.

Later, in addition to adding some of his code, another developer mistakenly changes the Add method to:

int Add(int a, int b) { return a*b; }

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As you can see, the code now multiplies the two values rather than adding them. The unit tests you wrote for this function will fail when the developer executes them. The new developer can track down the failed test cases and correct the code.

How to do Unit Testing

During unit testing, developers write a section of code to test a specific function in a software application. Developers can also isolate this method to extensively test it, revealing and removing undesirable dependencies between the tested function and other units.

Unit Testing is of two types.

• Manual
• Automated

Unit testing is usually automated, although we can also do it manually. Automation is favoured, although Software Engineering does not favor one over the other. Unit testing can be done manually using a step-by-step instructional document. Some of the commonly used Unit Testing tools are Junit, Jtest, EMMA, NUnit, PHPUnit, etc.

Unit Testing Techniques

Unit testing uses all-white box testing techniques as it uses the code of software application:

• Data flow testing
• Control Flow Testing
• Branch Coverage Testing
• Statement Coverage Testing
• Decision Coverage Testing

Also check out - Phases of Compiler

Unit Testing LifeCycle

                                                                                                                             Source - link

Advantages and Disadvantages 

Must Read Sanity Testing vs Smoke Testing

Frequently Asked Questions

Who can perform Unit Testing?

Unit testing is typically performed throughout the development phase so that developers can participate. Unit testing is typically conducted by automation engineers and QA professionals when developers are preoccupied with other development activities.

What is the total number of phases in a Unit Test Case?

A unit test case can be broken down into three stages. It will initialize the exact module of a software app that you want to test in the first stage. The test case will be successfully executed in the second stage. Finally, it will examine the finished product.

What is the Junit testing framework?

Several test cases must be run multiple times. The Junit framework can help you create test cases for repeated execution.

Conclusion

In this blog, we have given a detailed description of Unit Testing with a piece of real-world knowledge, how it works, and the importance of why we need unit testing. Also discussed various tools used in unit testing, its techniques, the pros and cons, and the diagram helps us represent the life cycle of unit testing.

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