Web development is building and maintaining web applications that are hosted on the browser. The web developers code and build these web applications using languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Bootstrap, PHP, Servlets, etc. A lot of companies hire web developers with good knowledge for good packages. In this article, we will look at the most asked top 30 web developer interview questions and the answers for you.
Before we begin, let's understand Web Development in detail.
What is Web Development?
Web development refers to the process of creating and maintaining websites or web applications on the internet. It encompasses various tasks, including web design, web content development, client-side scripting, server-side scripting, network security configuration, and more. Web developers use programming languages, frameworks, and tools to build the structure, functionality, and design of a website or web application. The goal is to create an interactive and user-friendly digital experience that meets specific business or user requirements.
Front-end, back-end, and full-stack web development are the three main categories of web development. A variety of coding languages are used by web developers, also known as "devs," to create websites. Web development is the work carried out in the background to create websites that look amazing, function quickly, and provide an excellent experience for users.
Web Development Interview Questions for Freshers
1)What are the key responsibilities of a web developer?
A web developer has the following responsibilities:
Build websites using languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, etc.
Design, develop, test, debug, and deploy web applications.
Communicate with designers and backend engineers on UI and backend specifications.
Maintaining web responsiveness and handling traffic.
Update the application frequently with new features and fix bugs.
2)How to reduce the loading time of the website?
The loading time lo a website can be reduced by the following techniques
Compress the images and save them, to optimize them for screen resolution.
Switch to asynchronous JavaScript.
Minimize the redirects and caching on your website.
3)How to center an element vertically and horizontally using CSS?
You can center an element vertically and horizontally using CSS by adding the following styles, either inline, internally, or externally.
CORS - Cross-Origin Resource Sharing is a mechanism that enables many resources like JavaScript, fonts, styles, etc., on a web page. These resources are requested from another domain. This mechanism is supported in HTML5, which manages XMLHttpRequest access to a domain differently.
5)How do you style an entire webpage at once?
We can style an entire web page with the required styles once using the universal selectors. The universal selector applies the CSS styles to the entire UI to which the CSS file is connected.
* {color: red; }
6)What is the difference between ‘==’ and ‘===’ in JavaScript?
The ‘==’ checks whether the values compared are equal, whereas ‘===’ checks whether the values are equal along with their types.
7)What is DOM?
DOM - Document Object Model is a language-dependent API for XML and HTML. It defines the logical structure of documents and how to access them.
8)Describe different kinds of HTTP requests supported by RESTful Web services?
The following are the types of HTTP requests supported by RESTful Web services:
GET: It is used to fetch data or resources from the server POST: It sends the data to the server or creates a new resource. PUT: This is similar to POST, but used for updating an existing resource. DELETE: It is used to delete the resources from the server. TRACE: It validates the content and network during an HTTP request.
9) What is SVG, and why is it used?
The SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics is used to display vector-based graphics. The SVG has the extreme quality of graphical content, so it can be used to display icons and images.
10)What is the scope in JavaScript?
The scope defines the accessibility of variables in a code. JavaScript has two types of scopes.
Local scope - the variables can be accessed only inside the function or block.
Global scope - the variables can be accessed throughout the program.
11)What is the use of Canvas in HTML?
Canvas is a tag that enables users to draw any shapes or drawings on the web page using JavaScript. The canvas can be defined using the <canvas> tag.
12)What are the types of CSS?
The CSS styles are of three types based on where we write them and access them. They are
Inline styles - written in HTML element line
Internal styles - written in the head section of the html file
External styles - written in separate file with extension .css.
13)What is AJAX?
AJAX is a technology used to create web applications. AJAX can include more responsiveness and creates faster applications. AJAX can be used to update the code, and only the modified part of the code is updated and rendered on the web page.
14)What is a media query in CSS?
The media queries ensure that the elements are displayed according to the screen size and the condition. Few elements will be disappeared from the website by using a media query.
16)What are CSS box model contents?
The CSS box elements are
Padding - space around the content inside the border.
Border - a line separating the content.
Margin - space between two elements.
17)What is lazy loading?
The technique where the resources of content on a page load slowly when the user displays and interact with it.
18)What are the advantages of HTTP 2.0 over HTTP 1.1?
The advantages of HTTP 2.0 over HTTP 1.1 are as follows:
Higher loading speed
Automatic prioritization
Improvement of web positioning
Less broadband consumption
Immediate presentation
19)What is pagination, and why is it used?
The pagination is a sequence of pages on a website. All the pages with similar content cannot be shown at once. Pagination is used to present in a user-friendly way, where only a portion of the content is visible at a time, and we can go to other content by navigating to that page.
20)What are the new APIs provided by HTML 5 standard?
The HTML 5 provides the following new APIs
Media API
Text track API
Data transfer API
Application Cache API
Constraint Validation API
User Interaction
Command API
Constraint Validation API
History API
Web Development Interview Questions for Experienced
21)What are the IDEs used for web development?
The best IDEs used for web development are
Visual Studio Code
Atom
JSFiddle
Codepen
NetBeans
Sublime Text
IntelliJ Idea, etc.
22)What is hoisting in JavaScript?
The variables in JavaScript can be used even before they are declared. This is called hoisting.
Example :
x = 2;
var x
You can also try this code with Online Javascript Compiler
A closure is a collection of functions and their lexical environment that is used to preserve variables from a function's outer scope in its inner scope. Each time a function is generated, closures are also created. Lexical scoping is a technique for determining a variable's scope based on where it appears in the source code.
24)What is an event loop in Node JS?
Node.js is able to do non-blocking I/O operations because of the event loop. Even though JavaScript supports a single-thread system, the event loop enables quick I/O operations. It enables the operations by offloading tasks whenever possible to the system kernel.
The runtime model of JavaScript is based on an event loop, which executes the code, gathers and processes events, and performs queued sub-tasks.
The grid is a span of 12 columns which is similar to the CSS box. We can use the grid to place content, and the columns will re-arrange automatically if we don’t use all the 12 columns.
26)State difference between Local Storage and Cookies.
Some of the differences between local storage and cookies are as follows:
Generally, the capacity of the local storage is 5 to 10 MB whereas the capacity of the cookies is 4 KB.
While both clients and servers can read and write cookies, the client can only access local storage.
Local storage must be erased manually or by utilizing codes because it is not session-based. On the other hand, the duration of cookies varies depending on the settings for each tab and window.
All modern browsers, including those from the past, support cookies, but there are fewer ancient versions that support local storage.
27)Explain long polling.
The server can provide data to the client whenever it becomes available by using long polling, a variation of traditional polling. The simplest method of maintaining a connection with a server over time without using a specific protocol like WebSocket or Server-Sent Events is long polling.
It is a method for pushing data from the server to a client as quickly as possible. As a result, there is no need for the server to wait for a request from the client. Once it gets a request from the client, the server does not cut off the connection in long polling.
28)What are pseudo-classes?
A specific state of an element is specified by a pseudo-class. A selector that only includes items in a particular state is called a pseudo-class. You can apply styles based on changes in the state and outside factors using a pseudo-class. This implies that your design may respond to user input, such as an email address that isn't valid.
Selectors can have styles added to them using CSS pseudo-classes, but only in specific situations. In CSS, a pseudo class is created by following a selector with a colon (:), then a pseudo-class like "hover," "focus," or "active."
29)Explain W3C (World Wide Consortium).
An international group known as the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) develops standards for the World Wide Web. The W3C's goal is to help the World Wide Web reach its full potential by creating protocols and rules that guarantee the Web's long-term expansion.
Through the creation and promotion of web-based standards, the WC3 is dedicated to enhancing the web. The W3C's mission is to establish international technical standards and recommendations for web technology.
30)What are servlets?
Servlets are Java programs that run on the web or application servers. The servlets handle the request obtained from the web server, process the request, produce the response, then send it back to the webserver.
31. What is the purpose of a web API and how do you use it?
A web API (Application Programming Interface) allows different software applications to communicate with each other over the web. It defines a set of rules and endpoints for accessing and manipulating data from a server. To use a web API, developers make HTTP requests to the API’s endpoints, often using methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE, to interact with the data. The API responds with data, usually in JSON or XML format, which the application then processes and uses.
32. How does responsive web design work?
Responsive web design ensures that web pages look and function well on devices of all sizes, from desktops to smartphones. It works by using flexible grids and layouts, scalable images, and CSS media queries. Media queries apply different styles depending on the device’s characteristics, such as its width, height, and orientation. This approach allows the content to adapt to various screen sizes and resolutions, providing an optimal viewing experience.
33. What are WebSockets and how are they used?
WebSockets are a protocol that enables full-duplex communication channels over a single, long-lived connection between a client and a server. They are used for applications that require real-time data exchange, such as chat applications or live updates. Unlike traditional HTTP requests, which are request-response based, WebSockets keep the connection open, allowing both the client and server to send and receive messages at any time.
34. What is the difference between server-side and client-side rendering?
Server-side rendering (SSR) generates HTML content on the server and sends it to the client’s browser. This approach can improve initial page load times and SEO. Client-side rendering (CSR) generates HTML in the browser using JavaScript frameworks or libraries like React or Angular. CSR can offer a more dynamic user experience but may result in longer initial load times. The choice between SSR and CSR depends on the specific needs of the application.
35. How do you implement authentication and authorization in a web application?
Authentication verifies the identity of users, while authorization determines their access levels. Common methods for implementing authentication include using username/password combinations, OAuth, and JWT (JSON Web Tokens). For authorization, role-based access control (RBAC) or attribute-based access control (ABAC) can be employed to manage permissions. Secure handling of credentials and tokens is crucial to protect against unauthorized access.
36. What are Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) and their benefits?
Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) are web applications that provide a native app-like experience on the web. They offer features such as offline support, push notifications, and fast load times. PWAs are built using standard web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and can be added to a user's home screen. Benefits include improved performance, increased engagement, and the ability to work offline or on low-quality networks.
37. How does the Single Page Application (SPA) architecture work?
Single Page Applications (SPAs) load a single HTML page and dynamically update content as the user interacts with the application. Instead of reloading entire pages, SPAs use JavaScript frameworks or libraries like React, Angular, or Vue.js to fetch and render data asynchronously. This results in a smoother user experience and faster interactions, as only the necessary parts of the page are updated.
38. What is Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) and how do you handle it?
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a security feature implemented by browsers to prevent web pages from making requests to a different domain than the one that served the web page. To handle CORS, servers must include appropriate headers in their responses, such as Access-Control-Allow-Origin, to specify which domains are permitted to access the resources. Developers can configure these headers based on their security requirements.
39. What are Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and how do they improve website performance?
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are distributed networks of servers that cache and deliver content, such as images, videos, and static files, to users based on their geographic location. By serving content from a server closer to the user, CDNs reduce latency and load times, improve site speed, and enhance user experience. CDNs also help manage high traffic loads and provide redundancy in case of server failures.
40. How do you manage state in a React application?
In React applications, state management is crucial for handling data that affects the UI. Local state is managed using the useState hook for functional components or this.state in class components. For more complex state management, libraries like Redux or Context API can be used. Redux provides a global state store and a predictable state management flow, while Context API allows for state sharing across components without prop drilling.
Web Development MCQs
41. What does the position: absolute; CSS property do?
a) Positions an element relative to its nearest positioned ancestor.
b) Positions an element at the bottom of its container.
c) Positions an element relative to the viewport.
d) Positions an element in the normal flow of the document.
Answer: a) Positions an element relative to its nearest positioned ancestor.
42. Which HTML tag is used to link an external CSS file?
a) <style>
b) <script>
c) <link>
d) <css>
Answer: c) <link>
43. What is the default value of the position property in CSS?
a) absolute
b) relative
c) fixed
d) static
Answer: d) static
44. How can you include a JavaScript file in an HTML document?
a) <js src="file.js">
b) <script href="file.js"></script>
c) <script src="file.js"></script>
d) <link src="file.js" rel="script">
Answer: c) <script src="file.js"></script>
45. What is the purpose of the z-index property in CSS?
a) Controls the visibility of an element.
b) Sets the transparency level of an element.
c) Specifies the stack order of positioned elements.
d) Adjusts the margin space around an element.
Answer: c) Specifies the stack order of positioned elements.
46. What does the fetch() function do in JavaScript?
a) Submits a form to the server.
b) Retrieves data from a server asynchronously.
c) Refreshes the current page.
d) Downloads a file from a URL.
Answer: b) Retrieves data from a server asynchronously.
47. Which attribute is used to add a tooltip to an HTML element?
a) title
b) alt
c) tooltip
d) hint
Answer: a) title
48. What is the difference between GET and POST HTTP methods?
a) GET retrieves data from the server, while POST sends data to the server.
b) GET is used for form submissions, while POST is used for retrieving data.
c) GET is secure, while POST is not.
d) GET requires authentication, while POST does not.
Answer: a) GET retrieves data from the server, while POST sends data to the server.
49. How do you apply a CSS class to an HTML element?
a) <div class="myClass">
b) <div style="myClass">
c) <div id="myClass">
d) <div className="myClass">
Answer: a) <div class="myClass">
50. What does the @media rule in CSS do?
a) Defines CSS styles for different devices or screen sizes.
b) Specifies the media type for the document.
c) Embeds a media file within the CSS document.
d) Applies styles only during specific media playback.
Answer: a) Defines CSS styles for different devices or screen sizes.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are 3 things a web developer is responsible for?
A web developer is responsible for Website design, development, and maintenance. Web developers are also responsible to use Javascript, HTML5, CSS3, PHP, and Java for creating websites.
How do I prepare for a web development interview?
Improve your skills in Javascript, HTML5, CSS3, PHP, and Java for creating websites. Make some good projects. A lot of companies hire web developers with good knowledge for good packages.
What basics should a web developer know?
You need to be familiar with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to work as a web developer. It's also advised to become familiar with CSS and CSS frameworks. You can communicate with computer languages by developing these core web development abilities, which will provide the framework and reasoning for doing so.
Are web dev interviews hard?
Web development interviews vary in difficulty. They often include coding exercises, problem-solving, and discussions on web technologies. Preparation is key to facing challenges effectively.
How do I clear my web developer interview?
Clear your web developer interview by practicing coding problems, reviewing key concepts, demonstrating your projects, and showcasing problem-solving skills. Research the company and be ready to discuss your experiences.
How much time does it take to learn web development?
Learning web development basics can take a few months with consistent effort. Mastery and becoming proficient can take one to two years, depending on your learning pace and the depth of knowledge you pursue.
Do web developers use coding?
Yes, web developers use coding to create websites and web applications. They work with languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and more to build and design functional and interactive web experiences.
How do you talk about a web development project in an interview?
In an interview, explain your role in the project, the technologies you used, and the challenges you faced. Highlight your problem-solving skills and how your work contributed to the project’s success.
What are different types of web development?
The main types of web development are front-end development (client-side), back-end development (server-side), and full-stack development, which combines both front-end and back-end tasks. Each plays a crucial role in creating a complete web application.
Conclusion
We have discussed the most asked web developer interview questions in this article. Doing well in a web developer interview involves being good at coding, solving problems, and explaining things clearly. This set of interview questions and answers is here to help you prepare. Whether you're experienced or just starting, these questions cover important topics in web development. Remember, getting ready is really important.
Please check out Coding Ninjas for more unique courses and guided paths if you want to learn more. Also, try Code360 for more exciting articles, interview experiences, and fantastic Data Structures and Algorithms problems. Please upvote our blog to help the other ninjas grow.
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