What are the different types of DBMS?

1. Relational Database

The relational database management system is used to store data in two-dimensional tables using rows and columns. RDBMS is used in industries, and it is a very popular data model. In a database, every table has a key field which identifies each record uniquely. This key field is known as a primary key. We can make a whole column as a primary key which can be helpful in identifying or referencing any record easily in a table. A few examples of RDBMS are oracle database, MySql, and Microsoft SQL server. Let’s create a table to understand RDBMS more clearly. We can run our SQL programs on Oracle Live SQL.

Code

CREATE TABLE Student( 
ROLL_NO INT PRIMARY KEY, 
FULL_NAME VARCHAR(15), 
AGE INT 
)

Output

2. Object Oriented Database

The object-oriented database management system represents the data in the form of objects which is used in object-oriented programming. The OODBMS is based on object-oriented features, which include data encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. As compared to relational DBMS, OODBMS can store complex data because an object stores all the relationships that it has with other objects. Storing relationships with other objects is important because it allows users to see related data while viewing records. An object-oriented database is a combination of object-oriented programming and a relational database. A few examples of OODBMS are Versant object database, ObjectStore. See the below image to understand about object-oriented database more clearly.

Code

• Python

Python

class Employee:
 def __init__(self, id, name, age):
  self.id = id
  self.name = name
  self.age = age


 def display_info(self):
  print(f"ID: {self.id}\nName: {self.name}\nAge: {self.age}")



class OODBMS:
 def __init__(self):
  self.objects = []


 def store(self, obj):
   self.objects.append(obj)


 def retrieve(self, id):
   for obj in self.objects:
     if isinstance(obj, Employee) and obj.id == id:
      return obj
   return None


oodbms = OODBMS()


Employee1 = Employee(1, "Kanishk Singla", 21)


oodbms.store(Employee1)


retrieved_Employee = oodbms.retrieve(1)
if retrieved_Employee:
 retrieved_Employee.display_info()
else:
 print("Employee not found.")

You can also try this code with Online Python Compiler

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Output

3. Hierarchical Database

In the hierarchical database management system, the data is organized into a tree-like structure. We can also say that the data is stored in such a way that they are in one to many relationships with each other. The hierarchy starts with a root node that contains root data. Then child nodes are added to the root (parent) node and make a tree-like structure. A few examples of hierarchical databases are IMS(IBM) and Windows registry (Microsoft). See the below image to understand the hierarchical database more clearly.

In the above diagram, the hierarchy is started with the root node Company, and Managers, Developers, and Testers are three child nodes of the root Company. Node Developers again have three child nodes named, Name, Employee ID, and Project Name. On the whole, they make a tree-like structure.

Code

• MYSQL

MYSQL

CREATE TABLE Employees (
    EmployeeID int PRIMARY KEY,
    Name VARCHAR(50),
    ManagerID int,
    FOREIGN KEY (ManagerID) REFERENCES Employees(EmployeeID)
);

INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, Name, ManagerID)
VALUES (1, 'Gunjan', NULL),
       (2, 'Sanchit', 1),
       (3, 'Kanav', 1),
       (4, 'Kanishk', 2),
       (5, 'Shiv', 2);
       
WITH RECURSIVE EmployeeHierarchy AS (
    SELECT EmployeeID, Name, ManagerID, 1 AS Level
    FROM Employees
    WHERE ManagerID IS NULL
    UNION ALL
    SELECT e.EmployeeID, e.Name, e.ManagerID, eh.Level + 1
    FROM Employees e
    JOIN EmployeeHierarchy eh ON e.ManagerID = eh.EmployeeID
)
SELECT CONCAT(REPEAT('--', Level - 1), Name) AS Team
FROM EmployeeHierarchy
ORDER BY EmployeeID;

You can also try this code with Online MySQL Compiler

Run Code

Output

Also see, Types of information system

4. Network Database

In the network database management system, the data stored in the database maintains one-to-one or many-to-many relationships with each other. Network DBMS has a hierarchical structure too, but the data is stored in the database like a graph. A graph is a non-linear representation that consists of vertices and edges. In network DBMS, one child record can have more than one parent also. A few examples of network DBMS are Integrated Data Store (IDS) and IDMS (Integrated Database Management System). See the below image to understand the network database more clearly.

In the above network database, Company, Managers, Developers, Senior Project Manager, Project Manager, Java Developer, and Web Developer are vertices. And all the arrows shown are the edges. We can clearly see that one child record has more than one parent also. For example, Web Developer has two parents named, Senior Project Manager and Project Manager. So from this example, we can understand that managers can handle multiple developers; for example, the senior project manager can handle java and web developers.

Code

• MySQL

MySQL

-- Create a table to store employees
CREATE TABLE Employees (
   EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,
   Name VARCHAR(50)
);

-- Create a table to store relationships (who reports to whom)
CREATE TABLE EmployeeRelationships (
   ReportingEmployeeID INT,
   ManagerEmployeeID INT,
   FOREIGN KEY (ReportingEmployeeID) REFERENCES Employees(EmployeeID),
   FOREIGN KEY (ManagerEmployeeID) REFERENCES Employees(EmployeeID)
);

-- Insert sample data
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, Name)
VALUES (1, 'A'),
      (2, 'B'),
      (3, 'C'),
      (4, 'D'),
      (5, 'E');

INSERT INTO EmployeeRelationships (ReportingEmployeeID, ManagerEmployeeID)
VALUES (2, 1),  -- B reports to A
      (3, 1),  -- C reports to A
      (4, 2),  -- D reports to B
      (5, 2);  -- E reports to B

-- Retrieve the reporting hierarchy
SELECT
   E1.Name AS ReportingEmployee,
   E2.Name AS Manager
FROM
   Employees E1
JOIN
   EmployeeRelationships R ON E1.EmployeeID = R.ReportingEmployeeID
JOIN
   Employees E2 ON R.ManagerEmployeeID = E2.EmployeeID;

You can also try this code with Online MySQL Compiler

Run Code

Output

Advantages of DBMS (Database Management Systems)

The advantages of database management systems are as follows:

Simplified data handling

With the help of DBMS, you can store the data in a synchronized manner making it easy to manage and access the data stored. 

Increases data security

Chances of Security breaches increases with the increase in size of the database. Using DBMS, we can handle the data securely due to increased data privacy.

Reduces Data Inconsistency

When the same data is located at multiple places in the database it can lead to redundancy and inconsistency. But using DBMS, one can easily remove these issues.

Data Abstraction

Sometimes, it is not necessary to reveal the entire information to the user. So, we need data abstraction which can be done through a database management system. It makes it easier for the user to deal with the data as well as ensure that only a necessary part of data is exposed to the user.

Data recovery and data backups

Instead of manually backing up the data periodically to prevent data loss, one can use DBMS as it automatically backs up the data and avoid any data loss due to system failure.

Also Read - Cardinality In DBMS And Recursive Relationship in DBMS

Disadvantages of DBMS (Database Management Systems)

• DBMSs are complicated systems requiring for much preparation, knowledge, and experience to design and implement.
   
• Installing, maintaining, and purchasing DBMSs can be expensive.
   
• DBMSs are susceptible to security breaches and unauthorised access, among other types of assaults.
   
• DBMSs can be challenging to expand to meet enormous data volumes or a high user base.
   
• When querying massive volumes of data, DBMSs can be slow.
   
• DBMSs may store duplicate data, wasting storage space and making data consistency challenging.
   
• To avoid disputes between concurrent users, which can impede performance, DBMSs employ locking methods.

Also read - multiple granularity in dbms, Entity in DBMS and What is schema in dbms

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the 4 types of DBMS?

A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software application that allows users to manage and organize data efficiently. The four types of DBMS are Relational DBMS (RDBMS), Hierarchical DBMS, Network DBMS, and Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS).

What are the 7 types of DBMS?

A Database Management System (DBMS) allows users to manage and alter data. The seven types of DBMS are Relational DBMS (RDBMS), Hierarchical DBMS, Network DBMS, Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS), NoSQL DBMS, Columnar DBMS, and In-Memory DBMS.

What is DBMS and DBMS types?

DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is software that allows users to store, manage, and retrieve data efficiently. The types of DBMS include Relational DBMS, Hierarchical DBMS, Network DBMS, Object-Oriented DBMS, NoSQL DBMS, Columnar DBMS, and In-Memory DBMS.

What are DBMS types examples?

Examples of DBMS types include Oracle Database, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and PostgreSQL for RDBMS. IBM's Information Management System (IMS) for Hierarchical DBMS. MongoDB, Apache Cassandra, and db4o for Object-Oriented DBMS and InfluxDB, Redis, and Apache HBase for NoSQL DBMS.

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed database management system and the types of DBMS. We have also seen required implementation and diagrams. If you want to learn about SQL, you can read the below-mentioned articles:

• Create Table in SQL
• Data Types in SQL
• Operators in SQL
• Apache Spark
• Joins in dbms
• File System vs DBMS
   

You can also consider our Database Management Course to give your career an edge over others!

Happy Coding!