Count Inversions

Moderate

0/80

Average time to solve is 40m

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Problem statement

For a given integer array/list 'ARR' of size 'N' containing all distinct values, find the total number of 'Inversions' that may exist.

An inversion is defined for a pair of integers in the array/list when the following two conditions are met.

A pair ('ARR[i]', 'ARR[j]') is said to be an inversion when:

1. 'ARR[i] > 'ARR[j]' 
2. 'i' < 'j'

Where 'i' and 'j' denote the indices ranging from [0, 'N').

Detailed explanation ( Input/output format, Notes, Images )

Input format :

The first line of input contains an integer 'N', denoting the size of the array.

The second line of input contains 'N' integers separated by a single space, denoting the elements of the array 'ARR'.

Output format :

Print a single line containing a single integer that denotes the total count of inversions in the input array.

Note:

You are not required to print anything, it has been already taken care of. Just implement the given function.

Constraints :

1 <= N <= 10^5 
1 <= ARR[i] <= 10^9

Where 'ARR[i]' denotes the array element at 'ith' index.

Time Limit: 1 sec

Sample Input 1 :

3
3 2 1

Sample Output 1 :

Explanation of Sample Output 1:

We have a total of 3 pairs which satisfy the condition of inversion. (3, 2), (2, 1) and (3, 1).

Sample Input 2 :

5
2 5 1 3 4

Sample Output 2 :

Explanation of Sample Output 1:

We have a total of 4 pairs which satisfy the condition of inversion. (2, 1), (5, 1), (5, 3) and (5, 4).

Hints:

1. Start with the brute force approach.
2. Use a modified merge sort.
3. Iterate through the elements in sorted order and use a Fenwick tree to track the inversions.

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