Python Developer

The problem is solved by checking how many unique substrings of length k exist within the given password. First, the value of k is validated to ensure it is not zero or greater than the password length. Then, all possible substrings of length k are generated from the password. These substrings are stored in a set to automatically remove duplicates.

The solution involves calculating how many 3-member groups can be formed that include at least one man and one woman. The total number of ways to choose any 3 members from all available men and women is first calculated. Then, the number of all-men and all-women groups is subtracted from the total, as they do not meet the diversity condition. The remaining count represents the valid diverse groups. If either the number of men or women is zero, no diverse group can be formed, resulting in an output of zero.

To solve the problem of converting between lists and tuples, the approach is straightforward. To convert a list into a tuple, the built-in `tuple()` function is used, which takes the list as input and returns a tuple containing the same elements in the same order. Conversely, to convert a tuple into a list, the built-in `list()` function is used, which takes the tuple as input and returns a list with the same elements. This method ensures that the data structure is changed while preserving all the original elements.

The solution uses a decorator function to extend the behaviour of another function without modifying its original code. A decorator is defined as a function that takes a function as input and returns a new function, often called a wrapper, which can execute additional code before and after calling the original function. By applying the decorator using the `@` syntax, the original function is replaced by the enhanced version, allowing extra functionality, such as logging or validation, to be added seamlessly while preserving the original function’s behaviour.