Associate Software Engineer

This was a preety good DP-problem . I struggled a bit initially on finding the DP transition but on carefully observing the constraints of the problem , I figured that a O(N^2*K) DP solution will also pass the Test Cases .

Steps :
1) Initiliase a DP array dp[n][k+1] . Store -INF in all cells initally.
2) Let dp[i][j] store the answer for an array of length i and a subsequence of length j
3) Now, for every i , dp[i][1]=arr[i]
4) For each i , find dp[i][j] for every j from 2 to k
5) For every i>=1 , traverse from i-1 to 0 and check if arr[i] > arr[t] where t = [0,i-1] , if we have arr[i]>arr[t] then dp[i][j] = max(dp[i][j] , arr[i]+dp[t][j-1])
6) Final answer = max(dp[i][k]) where i=[0,n-1]

Approach :
1) Make a count array and initialize all characters by -1, i.e., all considered as absent.
2) Traverse the given string, and the value of count[x] will be the index of ‘x’ if ‘x’ appears only once. Else, the value is going to be either -1 or -2.
3) Now, traverse the count array and check if the ith character occurs only once (count[i] has a positive value) and appears before the current result, then update the result.
4) Add the character present at the result index in the arraylist.

This was a pure implementation based problem where I was tested on how well can I figure out all the edge cases and code the problem in a production ready manner.

Steps :
1) First of all check if the string is empty , if it is then simply return 0
2) Remove all the spaces from the string
3) Handle the signs '+' and '-' .
4) Handle cases of overflow(if ans>INT_MAX/10 or ans'7' or ans==INT_MIN/10 and s[i]>'8')
5) If sign is a '-' , perform ans=ans*10-(s[i]-'0');
6) Else if sign is a '+', perform ans=ans*10+(s[i]-'0');
7) Finally, return the ans

TC : O(N) where N=length of the string
SC: O(1)

Answer : 
1) Runtime polymorphism is also known as dynamic polymorphism or late binding. In runtime polymorphism, the function call is resolved at run time.

2) In contrast, to compile time or static polymorphism, the compiler deduces the object at run time and then decides which function call to bind to the object. 

3)In C++, runtime polymorphism is implemented using method overriding.

4) Function overriding is the mechanism using which a function defined in the base class is once again defined in the derived class. In this case, we say the function is overridden in the derived class.

5) We should remember that function overriding cannot be done within a class. The function is overridden in the derived class only. Hence inheritance should be present for function overriding.

6) The second thing is that the function from a base class that we are overriding should have the same signature or prototype i.e. it should have the same name, same return type and same argument list.

Let us see an example that demonstrates method overriding.

#include 
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
void show_val()
{
cout << "Class::Base"< }
};
class Derived:public Base
{
public:
void show_val() //function overridden from base
{
cout << "Class::Derived"< }
};
int main()
{
Base b;
Derived d;
b.show_val();
d.show_val();
}

Output:

Class::Base
Class::Derived

Answer : 

1) A friend function is a function that is specified outside a class but has the ability to access the class members’ protected and private data. 
2) A friend can be a member’s function, function template, or function, or a class or class template, in which case the entire class and all of its members are friends.


Uses of Friend Functions :

1) In special cases when a class’s private data needs to be accessed directly without using objects of that class, we need friend functions. For instance, let’s consider two classes: Director and Doctor. We may want the function gross_salary to operate the objects of both these classes. The function does not need to be a member of either of the classes.

2) They are also used in operator overloading because they are more intuitive. The binary arithmetic operator that is commonly used can be overloaded the friend function way. 


Important Characteristics of Friend Functions :

1) A friend function does not fall within the scope of the class for which it was declared as a friend. Hence, functionality is not limited to one class.

2) The friend function can be a member of another class or a function that is outside the scope of the class.

3) A friend function can be declared in the private or public part of a class without changing its meaning.

4) Friend functions are not called using objects of the class because they are not within the class’s scope.

5) Without the help of any object, the friend function can be invoked like a normal member function.

6) Friend functions can use objects of the class as arguments.

7) A friend function cannot explicitly access member names directly. Every member name has to use the object’s name and dot operator.

Answer : 
1) ls -> Lists files in current directory
2) cd -> Change directory to tempdir
3) mkdir -> Make a directory called graphics
4) rmdir -> Remove directory (must be empty)
5) cp -> Copy file into directory

These are file management commands. These are used for:

chmod - It changes the permission set of a file
chown - It changes the ownership of the file.
chgrp - It changes the group of the file.

Example : 
$ chmod g+w test
It changes permission for a user group to write.

$ chown adas1923 testfile
It changes the owner of testfile to adas1923.

$ chgrp moderators testfile
It changes a group of testfile to moderators.

Answer :

a) It is an IT company that caters to the telecommunication domain. The business involved in the telecommunication domain is interesting and can widen your chances of switching into various fields be it in software, hardware or networking profiles. Also, Amdocs carries a good brand name in its domain.

b) Amdocs employees get to enjoy a positive and happy work environment.

c) It is truly an employee friendly organisation.I say this because Amdocs policies are employee oriented above anything else.