SDE - 1

Switching is the most valuable asset of computer networking. Every time in computer network you access the internet or another computer network outside your immediate location, or your messages are sent through a maze of transmission media and connection devices. The mechanism for exchange of information between different computer networks and network segments is called switching in Networking. On the other words we can say that any type signal or data element directing or Switching toward a particular hardware address or hardware pieces.

The basic example of Packet Switching is the Internet. In Packet Switching, data can be fragmented into suitably-sized pieces in variable length or blocks that are called packets that can be routed independently by network devices based on the destination address contained certain “formatted” header within each packet. The packet switched networks allow sender and recipient without reserving the circuit. Multiple paths are exist between sender and recipient in a packet switching network. They does not require a call setup to transfer packets between sender and recipient.

Bits or characters that fill up unused portions of a data structure, such as a field, packet or frame. Typically, padding is done at the end of the structure to fill it up with data, with the padding usually consisting of 1 bits, blank characters or null characters.

HTTP lacks security mechanism to encrypt the data whereas HTTPS provides SSL or TLS Digital Certificate to secure the communication between server and client.
HTTP operates at Application Layer whereas HTTPS operates at Transport Layer.
HTTP by default operates on port 80 whereas HTTPS by default operates on port 443.
HTTP transfers data in plain text while HTTPS transfers data in cipher text (encrypt text).
HTTP is fast as compared to HTTPS because HTTPS consumes computation power to encrypt the communication channel.

1Definition : 
TCP is a communications protocol, using which the data is transmitted between systems over the network. In this, the data is transmitted into the form of packets. It includes error-checking, guarantees the delivery and preserves the order of the data packets.
UDP is same as the TCP protocol except this doesn’t guarantee the error-checking and data recovery. If you use this protocol, the data will be sent continuously, irrespective of the issues in the receiving end.
 

2. Design TCP is a connection oriented protocol. UDP is a connection less protocol.
 

3. Reliable As TCP provides error checking support and also guarantees delivery of data to the destination router this make it more reliable as compared to UDP. While on other hand UDP does provided only basic error checking support using checksum so the delivery of data to the destination cannot be guaranteed in UDP as compared to that in case of TCP.
 

4. Data transmission In TCP the data is transmitted in a particular sequence which means that packets arrive in-order at the receiver. On other hand there is no sequencing of data in UDP in order to implement ordering it has to be managed by the application layer.
 

5. Performance TCP is slower and less efficient in performance as compared to UDP. Also TCP is heavy-weight as compared to UDP. On other hand UDP is faster and more efficient than TCP.