SDE - 1

Static variables are the variables which retain their values between the function calls. They are initialized only once their scope is within the function in which they are defined.

Pointer is used in the following cases:
i) It is used to access array elements.
ii) It is used for dynamic memory allocation.
iii) It is used in Call by reference.
iv) It is used in data structures like trees, graph, linked list etc.

Structure is a collection of heterogeneous data type but array is a collection of homogeneous data types. 

Array :

1) It is a collection of data items of same data type.

2) It has declaration only.

3) There is no keyword.

4) Array name represent the address of the starting element. 

Structure :

1) It is a collection of data items of different data type.

2) It has declaration and definition.

3) Keyword struct is used.

4) Structure name is known as tag it is the short hand notation of the declaration.

A near pointer is 16 bits long. It uses the current content of the CS (code segment) register(if the pointer is pointing to code) or current contents of DS (data segment) register (if the pointer is pointing to data) for the segment part, the offset part is stored in a 16 bit near pointer. Using near pointer limits the data/code to 64kb segment.

Fork system call is used for creating a new process, which is called child process, which runs concurrently with the process that makes the fork() call (parent process). After a new child process is created, both processes will execute the next instruction following the fork() system call. A child process uses the same pc(program counter), same CPU registers, same open files which use in the parent process.
It takes no parameters and returns an integer value. Below are different values returned by fork().
Negative Value: creation of a child process was unsuccessful.
Zero: Returned to the newly created child process.
Positive value: Returned to parent or caller. The value contains process ID of newly created child process.

Semaphore is simply an integer variable that is shared between threads. This variable is used to solve the critical section problem and to achieve process synchronization in the multiprocessing environment. 
Semaphores are of two types:
Binary Semaphore – 
This is also known as mutex lock. It can have only two values – 0 and 1. Its value is initialized to 1. It is used to implement the solution of critical section problems with multiple processes.
Counting Semaphore – 
Its value can range over an unrestricted domain. It is used to control access to a resource that has multiple instances.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like nytimes.com or espn.com. Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources. Each device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address which other machines use to find the device. DNS servers eliminate the need for humans to memorize IP addresses such as 192.168.1.1 (in IPv4), or more complex newer alphanumeric IP addresses such as 2400:cb00:2048:1::c629:d7a2 (in IPv6).

Routing Protocols are the set of defined rules used by the routers to communicate between source & destination. They do not move the information to the source to a destination, but only update the routing table that contains the information.
There are mainly two types of Network Routing Protocols
Static : Static routing protocols are used when an administrator manually assigns the path from source to the destination network. It offers more security to the network.
Dynamic : Dynamic routing protocols are another important type of routing protocol. It helps routers to add information to their routing tables from connected routers automatically. These types of protocols also send out topology updates whenever the network changes’ topological structure.

No,*ptr ++ increments pointer and not the value pointed by it. Whereas ++ *ptr increments the value being pointed to by ptr.

Ans:
i) adding ,multiplying and dividing two pointers.
ii) Shifting or masking pointer.
iii) Addition of float or double to pointer.
iv) Assignment of a pointer of one type to a pointer of another type

Ans : Array of pointers 
1- Declaration is: data_type *array_name[size];
2-Size represents the row size.
3- The space for columns may be dynamically 

Pointers to an array
1-Declaration is data_type ( *array_name)[size];
2-Size represents the column size.

Ans: A pointer variable is a variable where as an array name is a fixed address and is not a variable. A pointer variable must be initialized but an array name cannot be initialized. An array name being a constant value , ++ and — operators cannot be applied to it.

Tip 1 : The cross questioning can go intense some time, think before you speak.

Tip 2 : Be open minded and answer whatever you are thinking, in these rounds I feel it is important to have opinion.

Tip 3 : Context of questions can be switched, pay attention to the details. It is okay to ask questions in these round, like what are the projects currently the company is investing, which team you are mentoring. How all is the work environment etc.