Senior Software Engineer

Approach :
1) Declare a temporary array/list variable ‘ANS’ in which we store our answer.
2) Declare a temporary variable ‘GOT’ that will store the total number of elements we obtained until now, which are acceptable.
3) Declare a temporary variable ‘CURRENT’ that will store the current number of series 3 * ‘N’ + 2 and initialize with the first number of series 5.
4) Run a loop while ‘GOT’ is not equal to ‘X’:
4.1) If ‘CURRENT’ is not divisible by 4, we will append the value at the end of ‘ANS’ and increment the value of ‘GOT’ by 1.
4.2) Increment the value of ‘CURRENT’ by three as the next value of the series.
5) Finally, return ‘ANS’.

TC : O(N), where N is the number of elements we have to find in the series.
SC : O(N)

The term "normalization" refers to the process of analyzing relation schemas based on their functional dependencies. Normalization is the technique of splitting up data into numerous tables to reduce redundancy.

The advantages of normalization are:

1) Standardization eliminates the copy information, allowing a smaller database to be maintained. As a result, the size of the database is reduced in general.
2) Better execution is assured, which is related to the previous point. As the size of information bases shrinks, the time it takes to process it becomes shorter and more constrained, enhancing reaction time and speed.
3) Narrower tables may be possible as standardized tables are altered and feature fewer segments, allowing for more data items per page.
4) With fewer files per table, support assignments are completed faster (file modifies).

Following is the major difference between intension and extension in a database:

Intension: Intension or popularly known as database schema is used to define the description of the database and is specified during the design of the database and mostly remains unchanged.


Extension: Extension on the other hand is the measure of the number of tuples present in the database at any given point in time. The extension of a database is also referred to as the snapshot of the database and its value keeps changing as and when the tuples are created, updated, or destroyed in a database.

In C++, both malloc() and new are used for memory allocation at runtime. The differences are listed below:

1) Malloc() is a function, whereas new() is a pre-processor.
2) When using new(), there is no requirement to allocate memory; nevertheless, when using malloc(), you must use sizeof ().
3) new() sets the new memory to 0 and malloc() assigns a random value to the newly allocated memory.
4) The new() operator allocates memory and invokes the constructor for object initialization, whereas the malloc() function allocates memory but does not invoke the constructor.
5) Because the operator is faster than the function, the new() operator is faster than the malloc() function.

There are a few distinctions between a class in C++ and a structure. 

These are the following:

1) When creating a structure from a class or another structure, the base class or structure's default access specifier is public. When deriving a class, on the other hand, the default access specifier is private.
2) The members of a structure are always public, but the members of a class are always private.
3) The variables of a structure are stored in the stack memory while those of the class are stored in the heap memory.
4) Class supports inheritance whereas structures do not.
5) The type of class is reference type whereas the type of structure is a value type.

Answer :
1) A pipe is a form of redirection (transfer of standard output to some other destination) that is used in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems to send the output of one command/program/process to another command/program/process for further processing.

2) The Unix/Linux systems allow stdout of a command to be connected to stdin of another command. We can make it do so by using the pipe character ‘|’.

3) Pipe is also used to combine two or more commands, and in this, the output of one command acts as input to another command, and this command’s output may act as input to the next command and so on.

4) It can also be visualized as a temporary connection between two or more commands/ programs/ processes. The command line programs that do the further processing are referred to as filters.

Examples :
1) Listing all files and directories and give it as input to more command.
$ ls -l | more

2) Use sort and uniq command to sort a file and print unique values.
$ sort record.txt | uniq

3) Use head and tail to print lines in a particular range in a file.
$ cat sample2.txt | head -7 | tail -5

Answer :
1) Memory protection is a strategy that makes it possible to manage the amount of access rights that are granted to the memory found on a computer hard drive.

2) The main purpose of this type of protection is to minimize the potential for some type of storage violation that would harm the data contained in the memory, or damage a portion of the memory capacity of the hard drive.

3) One of the main functions of memory protection is the prevention of any application from making use of memory that the operating system has not specifically allocated to that application.

4) This prevents applications from seizing control of an inordinate amount of memory and possibly causing damage that negatively impacts other applications that are currently in use, or even creating a loss of data that is saved on the hard drive.

5) In many operating systems, this is managed by segmenting the memory for use by all open applications, ensuring that each has enough to operate properly without creating issues with the other running applications.

There wouldn't be any compilation error. But then the program is run, since the JVM cant map the main method signature, the code throws “NoSuchMethodError” error at the runtime.

1) JIT stands for Just-In-Time and it is used for improving the performance during run time. It does the task of compiling parts of byte code having similar functionality at the same time thereby reducing the amount of compilation time for the code to run.

2) The compiler is nothing but a translator of source code to machine-executable code. 

Working of the JIT Compiler : 

1) First, the Java source code (.java) conversion to byte code (.class) occurs with the help of the javac compiler.

2) Then, the .class files are loaded at run time by JVM and with the help of an interpreter, these are converted to machine understandable code.

3) JIT compiler is a part of JVM. When the JIT compiler is enabled, the JVM analyzes the method calls in the .class files and compiles them to get more efficient and native code. It also ensures that the prioritized method calls are optimized.

4) Once the above step is done, the JVM executes the optimized code directly instead of interpreting the code again. This increases the performance and speed of the execution.

XPath is used to locate a web element based on its XML path. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language and is used to store, organize and transport arbitrary data. It stores data in a key-value pair which is very much similar to HTML tags. Both being markup languages and since they fall under the same umbrella, XPath can be used to locate HTML elements.

The fundamental behind locating elements using XPath is the traversing between various elements across the entire page and thus enabling a user to find an element with the reference of another element.

The pause feature is built to handle exceptions in the test script by allowing the user to pause at the statement causing the exception and enter the debug mode by clicking on the pause icon on the top right corner of the IDE. This feature prevents the entire test case's failure and gives the user a chance to correct the error instantly.

Four parameters that you have to pass in Selenium are
1) Host
2) Port Number
3) Browser
4) URL

Tip : For an experienced professional seeking a change, this is a common question. The easiest method to respond to this question is to state that you are leaving your current work in order to advance your career. Make sure you don't criticize or speak poorly about the company where you now work.