SDE - 1

There is a wedding ceremony at NinjaLand. The bride and groom want everybody to play a game and thus, they have blindfolded the attendees. The people from the bride’s side are holding odd numbers and people from the groom’s side are holding the even numbers. For the game to start quickly, all the bride’s side people should come first, followed by the groom’s side people in the same order.

The attendees of the wedding with their numbers are given in the form of a Singly Linked List, arranged randomly.

A singly linked list is a type of linked list that is unidirectional; that is, it can be traversed in only one direction from head to the last node (tail).

Example:

The attendees holding numbers from 1, 4, 3 are shown: 

As the organizers are busy, you have to arrange all the people by arranging the bride’s side people first followed by the groom’s side people sequentially.

Note:

For the above example 1 -> 4 -> 3, 1 -> 3 -> 4 is the only correct answer, i.e nodes should be grouped sequentially. Hence, 3 -> 1 -> 4 is the wrong answer as we have to preserve the same order.

You are given an array 'arr' of length 'n', consisting of integers.

A subarray is a contiguous segment of an array. In other words, a subarray can be formed by removing 0 or more integers from the beginning and 0 or more integers from the end of an array.

Find the sum of the subarray (including empty subarray) having maximum sum among all subarrays.

The sum of an empty subarray is 0.

Example :

Input: 'arr' = [1, 2, 7, -4, 3, 2, -10, 9, 1]

Output: 11

Explanation: The subarray yielding the maximum sum is [1, 2, 7, -4, 3, 2].

You are given 'N' stones labeled from 1 to 'N'. The 'i-th' stone has the weight W[i]. There are 'M' colors labeled by integers from 1 to 'M'. The 'i-th' stone has the color C[i] which is an integer between 1 to 'M', both inclusive.

You have been required to fill a Knapsack with these stones. The Knapsack can hold a total weight of 'X'.

You are required to select exactly 'M' stones; one of each color. The sum of the weights of the stones must not exceed 'X'. Since you paid a premium for a Knapsack with capacity 'X', you are required to fill the Knapsack as much as possible.

Write a program to calculate the best way to fill the Knapsack - that is, the unused capacity should be minimized.

Given two singly linked lists, 'FIRST_HEAD' and 'SECOND_HEAD'. Your task is to find the 'MERGING POINT' i.e. the data of the node at which merging starts. If there is no merging, return -1.

For example:-

The given Linked Lists are merging at node c1.
In this case, c1 is 'MERGING POINT'.

For a given array with N elements, you need to find the length of the longest subsequence from the array such that all the elements of the subsequence are sorted in strictly increasing order.

Strictly Increasing Sequence is when each term in the sequence is larger than the preceding term.

For example:

[1, 2, 3, 4] is a strictly increasing array, while [2, 1, 4, 3] is not.

You have been given two Strings “STR1” and “STR2” of characters. Your task is to find the length of the longest common subsequence.

A String ‘a’ is a subsequence of a String ‘b’ if ‘a’ can be obtained from ‘b’ by deletion of several (possibly, zero or all) characters. A common subsequence of two Strings is a subsequence that is common to both Strings.

You are given a 'Binary Tree'.

Return the bottom view of the binary tree.

Note :

1. A node will be in the bottom-view if it is the bottom-most node at its horizontal distance from the root. 

2. The horizontal distance of the root from itself is 0. The horizontal distance of the right child of the root node is 1 and the horizontal distance of the left child of the root node is -1. 

3. The horizontal distance of node 'n' from root = horizontal distance of its parent from root + 1, if node 'n' is the right child of its parent.

4. The horizontal distance of node 'n' from root = horizontal distance of its parent from the root - 1, if node 'n' is the left child of its parent.

5. If more than one node is at the same horizontal distance and is the bottom-most node for that horizontal distance, including the one which is more towards the right.

Example:

Input: Consider the given Binary Tree:

Output: 4 2 6 3 7

Explanation:
Below is the bottom view of the binary tree.

1 is the root node, so its horizontal distance = 0.
Since 2 lies to the left of 0, its horizontal distance = 0-1= -1
3 lies to the right of 0, its horizontal distance = 0+1 = 1
Similarly, horizontal distance of 4 = Horizontal distance of 2 - 1= -1-1=-2
Horizontal distance of 5 = Horizontal distance of 2 + 1=  -1+1 = 0
Horizontal distance of 6 = 1-1 =0
Horizontal distance of 7 = 1+1 = 2

The bottom-most node at a horizontal distance of -2 is 4.
The bottom-most node at a horizontal distance of -1 is 2.
The bottom-most node at a horizontal distance of 0 is 5 and 6. However, 6 is more towards the right, so 6 is included.
The bottom-most node at a horizontal distance of 1 is 3.
The bottom-most node at a horizontal distance of 2 is 7.

Hence, the bottom view would be 4 2 6 3 7