Web Developer

A delegate is a .NET object which defines a method signature and it can pass a function as a parameter.

Delegate always points to a method that matches its specific signature. Users can encapsulate the reference of a
method in a delegate object.

When we pass the delegate object in a program, it will call the referenced method. To create a custom event in a
class, we can make use of delegate.

Two types of memories are present in .NET. They are :

Stack: Stack is a stored-value type that keeps track of each executing thread and its location. It is used for static
memory allocation.

Heap: Heap is a stored reference type that keeps track of the more precise objects or data. It is used for dynamic
memory allocation.

1) .NET Core is useful in the server application creations, that run on various operating systems like Windows, Mac,
and Linux. Using this, developers can write libraries as well as applications in C#, F#, and VB.NET in both runtimes.

2) Generally, it is used for cloud applications or for modifying large enterprise applications into microservices.

3) .NET Core 3.0 supports cross-development between WPF, UWP, and Windows Forms.

4) .NET Core supports microservices, which permits cross-platform services to work with the .NET Core framework
including services developed with .NET Framework, Ruby, Java, etc.

5) .NET Core’s features like lightweight, modularity, and flexibility make it easier to deploy .NET Core applications in
containers. These containers can be deployed on any platform, Linux, cloud, and Windows.

Stored Procedure :
1) A Stored Procedure is always used to perform a specific task.
2) It can return zero, one or more value.
3) It can have both input and output parameters.
4) Exception handling can be done using a try-catch block.
5) A function can be called from a Procedure.


Functions :
1) Functions must return a single value.
2) It can only have the input parameter.
3) Exception handling cannot be done using a try-catch block.
4) A Stored procedure cannot be called from a function.

MVC stands for Model View Controller. It is an architectural model for building the .Net applications.

Models – Model objects store and retrieve data from the database for an application. They are usually the logical
parts of an application that is implemented by the application’s data domain.

View – These are the components that display the view of the application in the form of UI. The view gets the
information from the model objects for their display. They have components like buttons, drop boxes, combo box, etc.

Controllers – They handle user interactions. They are responsible for responding to the user inputs, work with the
model objects, and pick a view to be rendered to the user.

Zero Garbage Collectors allows you for object allocation as this is required by the Execution Engine. Created objects
will not get deleted automatically and theoretically, no longer required memory is never reclaimed.

There are two main uses of Zero Garbage Collectors. They are :

1) Using this, you can develop your own Garbage Collection mechanism. It provides the necessary functionalities for
properly doing the runtime work.

2) It can be used in special use cases like very short living applications or almost no memory allocation(concepts
such as No-alloc or Zero-alloc programming). In these cases, Garbage Collection overhead is not required and it is
better to get rid of it.

The Request handling pipeline is a sequence of middleware components where each component performs the
operation on request and either call the next middleware component or terminate the request. When a middleware
component terminates the request, it's called Terminal Middleware as It prevents next middleware from processing
the request. You can add a middleware component to the pipeline by calling .Use... extension method as below.

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();

So Middleware component is program that's build into an app's pipeline to handle the request and response. Each
middleware component can decide whether to pass the request to next component and to perform any operation
before or after next component in pipeline.

Host encapsulates all the resources for the app. On startup, ASP.NET Core application creates the host. The
Resources which are encapsulated by the host include :

1) HTTP Server implementation
2) Dependency Injection
3) Configuration
4) Logging
5) Middleware components

ACID properties is the combination of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability properties. These properties
are very helpful in allowing a safe and secure way of sharing the data among multiple users.

1) Atomicity: This is based on the concept of “either all or nothing” which basically means that if any update occurs
inside the database then that update should either be available to all the others beyond user and application program
or it should not be available to anyone beyond the user and application program.


2) Consistency: This ensures that the consistency is maintained in the database before or after any transaction that
takes place inside the database.


3) Isolation: As the name itself suggests, this property states that each transaction that occurs is in isolation with
others i.e. a transaction which has started but not yet completed should be in isolation with others so that the other
transaction does not get impacted with this transaction.


4) Durability: This property states that the data should always be in a durable state i.e. any data which is in the
committed state should be available in the same state even if any failure or restart occurs in the system.

There are 4 types of SQL Joins :

1) Inner Join: This type of join is used to fetch the data among the tables which are common in both the tables.

2) Left Join: This returns all the rows from the table which is on the left side of the join but only the matching rows
from the table which is on the right side of the join.

3) Right Join: This returns all the rows from the table which is on the right side of the join but only the matching rows
from the table which is on the left side of the join.

4) Full Join: This returns the rows from all the tables on which the join condition has put and the rows which do not
match hold null values.

Constraints are used to specify the rules concerning data in the table. It can be applied for single or multiple fields in
an SQL table during the creation of the table or after creating using the ALTER TABLE command. The constraints are :

1) NOT NULL - Restricts NULL value from being inserted into a column.

2) CHECK - Verifies that all values in a field satisfy a condition.

3) DEFAULT - Automatically assigns a default value if no value has been specified for the field.

4) UNIQUE - Ensures unique values to be inserted into the field.

5) INDEX - Indexes a field providing faster retrieval of records.

6) PRIMARY KEY - Uniquely identifies each record in a table.

7) FOREIGN KEY - Ensures referential integrity for a record in another table.

Triggers in SQL is kind of stored procedures used to create a response to a specific action performed on the table
such as INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE. You can invoke triggers explicitly on the table in the database.

Action and Event are two main components of SQL triggers. When certain actions are performed, the event occurs in
response to that action.

Syntax :

CREATE TRIGGER name {BEFORE|AFTER} (event [OR..]}
ON table_name [FOR [EACH] {ROW|STATEMENT}]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE functionname {arguments}

Caching is the process of storing data in a temporary storage location that is quicker to access than the original
location of the data so that it can be accessed more quickly when the same data is needed next time.

Caching improves the scalability and performance of your application. It does this by reducing the work required to
fetch the data. Caching is useful for data that doesn’t change frequently and is expensive to create and retrieve.

ASP.NET provides a set of caching features out of the box. You can use the IMemoryCache interface for simple use
cases. It represents a cache stored in the web server’s memory. ASP.NET also supports distributed caching, which is
a cache shared by multiple app servers, with Redis.

Attribute Routing gives you more control over the URIs in your web application. MVC 5 supports this attribute based
routing where attributes are used to define the routes. You can manage resource hierarchies in better way using
attribute based routing. Attribute based routing is used to create routes which are difficult to create using convention-
based routing.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as
HTML. It handles communication between web browsers and web servers. HTTP follows a classical client-server
model. A client, such as a web browser, opens a connection to make a request, then waits until it receives a response
from the server.


HTTP is a protocol that allows the fetching of resources, such as HTML documents. It is the foundation of any data
exchange on the Web, and it is a client-server protocol, which means requests are initiated by the recipient, usually
the Web browser.

Session state is also known as Stateless state. HTTP is a stateless protocol. In the session state, the client and
server just know about each other only during the current request. If the connection is closed, and two computers
want to connect again, they need to provide information to each other as a new connection, and the connection is
handled as the very first one.

Tip 1 : The cross questioning can go intense some time, think before you speak.

Tip 2 : Be open minded and answer whatever you are thinking, in these rounds I feel it is important to have opinion.

Tip 3 : Context of questions can be switched, pay attention to the details. It is okay to ask questions in these round,
like what are the projects currently the company is investing, which team you are mentoring. How all is the work
environment etc.

Tip 4 : Since everybody in the interview panel is from tech background, here too you can expect some technical
questions. No coding in most of the cases but some discussions over the design can surely happen.

Tip : For an experienced professional seeking a change, this is a common question. The easiest method to respond
to this question is to state that you are leaving your current work in order to advance your career. Make sure you don't
criticize or speak poorly about the company where you now work.