SDE - 1

#include int a=10;int main(){ int a=20; cout<<::a; return 0;}The output of this program isOptions- Syntax error- 10 20- 20 10- 20 20

#include  using namespace std;class Base1 { public:     Base1()     { cout << " Base1's constructor called" << endl;  }};  class Base2 { public:     Base2()     { cout << "Base2's constructor called" << endl;  }};  class Derived: public Base1, public Base2 {   public:     Derived()     {  cout << "Derived's constructor called" << endl;  }};  int main(){   Derived d;   return 0;}(A)Base1's destructorBase2's destructorDerived's destructor(B)Derived's destructorBase2's destructorBase1's destructorC) Compiler Dependent

#include int main(){    int x = 80;     int y& = x;    x++;    cout << x << " " << --y;    return 0;}Options :- [A]. The program will print the output 80 80.[B]. The program will print the output 81 80.[C]. The program will print the output 81 81.[D]. It will result in a compile time error

#include enum bix{    a=1, b, c};int main(){    int x = c;    int &y = x;    int &z = x;    y = b;    cout<< z--;    return 0; }Options :- [A]. It will result in a compile time error.[B]. The program will print the output 1.[C]. The program will print the output 2[D]. The program will print the output 3.

Given a binary search tree and an integer ‘K’. Your task is to find the ‘K-th’ smallest element in the given BST( binary search tree).

BST ( binary search tree) -

If all the smallest nodes on the left side and all the greater nodes on the right side of the node current node.

Example -

Order of elements in increasing order in the given BST is - { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 }

Suppose given ‘K = 3’ then 3rd smallest element is ‘4’.

Suppose given ‘K = 8’ then 8th smallest element is ‘10’.

Note:

1. You are not required to print the output explicitly, it has already been taken care of. Just implement the function and return the ‘K-th’ smallest element of BST.
2. You don’t need to return ‘K-th’ smallest node, return just value of that node. 
3. If ‘K-th’ smallest element is not present in BST then return -1.

You have been given a binary search tree of integers with ‘N’ nodes and a target integer value ‘K’. Your task is to find the closest element to the target ‘K’ in the given binary search tree.

A node in BST is said to be the closest to the target if its absolute difference with the given target value ‘K’ is minimum. In the case of more than one closest element, return the element with a minimum value.

A binary search tree (BST) is a binary tree data structure with the following properties.

• The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with data less than the node’s data.

• The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with data greater than the node’s data.

• Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

For Example:

For the given BST and target value ‘K’ =  32, the closest element is 30 as the absolute difference between 30 and 32 (|32 - 30|) is the minimum among all other possible node-target pairs.

You are given two strings 'str1' and 'str1'.

You have to tell whether these strings form an anagram pair or not.

The strings form an anagram pair if the letters of one string can be rearranged to form another string.

Pre-requisites:

Anagrams are defined as words or names that can be formed by rearranging the letters of another word. Such as "spar" can be formed by rearranging letters of "rasp". Hence, "spar" and "rasp" are anagrams. 

Other examples include:

'triangle' and 'integral'
'listen' and 'silent'

Note:

Since it is a binary problem, there is no partial marking. Marks will only be awarded if you get all the test cases correct. 

A doubly-linked list is a data structure that consists of sequentially linked nodes, and the nodes have reference to both the previous and the next nodes in the sequence of nodes.

You are given a sorted doubly linked list of size 'n'.

Remove all the duplicate nodes present in the linked list.

Example :

Input: Linked List: 1 <-> 2 <-> 2 <-> 2 <-> 3

Output: Modified Linked List: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3

Explanation: We will delete the duplicate values ‘2’ present in the linked list.

Ninja has been given a string ‘STR’ containing either ‘{’ or ‘}’. 'STR’ is called valid if all the brackets are balanced. Formally for each opening bracket, there must be a closing bracket right to it.

For Example:

“{}{}”, “{{}}”, “{{}{}}” are valid strings while “}{}”, “{}}{{}”, “{{}}}{“ are not valid strings.

Ninja wants to make ‘STR’ valid by performing some operations on it. In one operation, he can convert ‘{’ into ‘}’ or vice versa, and the cost of one such operation is 1.

Your task is to help Ninja determine the minimum cost to make ‘STR’ valid.

For Example:

Minimum operations to make ‘STR’ =  “{{“ valid is 1.

In one operation, we can convert ‘{’ at index ‘1’ (0-based indexing) to ‘}’. The ‘STR’ now becomes "{}" which is a valid string.

Note:

Return -1 if it is impossible to make ‘STR’ valid.

You are given a Singly Linked List of integers and an integer array 'B' of size 'N'. Each element in the array 'B' represents a block size. Modify the linked list by reversing the nodes in each block whose sizes are given by the array 'B'.

Note:

1. If you encounter a situation when 'B[i]' is greater than the number of remaining nodes in the list, then simply reverse the remaining nodes as a block and ignore all the block sizes from 'B[i]'. 

2. All block sizes are contiguous i.e. suppose that block 'B[i]' ends at a node cur, then the block 'B[i+1]' starts from the node just after the node cur.

Example

Linked list: 1->2->3->4->5
Array B: 3 3 5

Output: 3->2->1->5->4

We reverse the first block of size 3 and then move to block 2. Now, since the number of nodes remaining in the list (2) is less than the block size (3), we reverse the remaining nodes (4 and 5) as a block and ignore all the block sizes that follow.

You are given an array/list ARR consisting of N integers. Your task is to find the maximum possible sum of a non-empty subarray(contiguous) of this array.

Note: An array C is a subarray of array D if it can be obtained by deletion of several elements(possibly zero) from the beginning and the end of array D.

For e.g.- All the non-empty subarrays of array [1,2,3] are [1], [2], [3], [1,2], [2,3], [1,2,3].

Given two binary trees T and S, check whether tree S has exactly the same structure and node values with a subtree of T, i.e., check if tree S is a subtree of the tree T.

A subtree of a tree T is a tree S consisting of a node in T and all of its descendants in T. The subtree corresponding to the root node is the entire tree; the subtree corresponding to any other node is called a proper subtree.

Given a Binary Tree, convert this binary tree to a Doubly Linked List.

A Binary Tree (BT) is a data structure in which each node has at most two children.

A Doubly Linked List contains a previous pointer, along with the next pointer and data.

The order of nodes in Doubly Linked List must be the same as Inorder of the given Binary Tree.

The doubly linked list should be returned by taking the next pointer as right and the previous pointer as left.

You need to return the head of the Doubly Linked List.

For the given binary tree :

You need to return the head to the doubly linked list.
The doubly linked list would be: 1 2 3 4 5 and can be represented as:

You are given an arbitrary binary tree consisting of 'N' nodes numbered from 1 to 'N'. Your task is to print all the root to leaf paths of the binary tree.

A leaf of a binary tree is the node which does not have a left child and a right child.

For Example :

Given a binary tree :

All the root to leaf paths are :
1 2 4
1 2 5 
1 3

Note :

1. Two nodes may have the same value associated with it.
2. The root node will be fixed and will be provided in the function.
3. Note that the nodes in a path will appear in a fixed order. For example, 1 2 3 is not the same as 2 1 3.
4. Each path should be returned as a string consisting of nodes in order and separated by a space.
5. The path length may be as small as ‘1’.

You are given a Binary Search Tree (BST) and a target value ‘K’. Your task is to return true if there exist two nodes in the given BST such that the sum of their values is equal to the given target ‘K’, else return false.

A binary search tree (BST) is a binary tree data structure which has the following properties.

• The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with data less than the node’s data.

• The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with data greater than the node’s data.

• Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

Note:

1. All the elements of the Binary Search Tree are unique.

2. You can’t use the same node value/element of BST twice.

For example:

tree: 8 5 10 2 6 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 7 -1 -1
'K' = 13,

The nodes with values 8 and 5 as shown in the above figure gives sum equal to the given target 13. 

Therefore, the output will be “true” i.e it is possible to find a pair in the given BST having sum equal to ‘K’.

You are given a binary search tree and an integer ‘S’. Your task is to find all the pairs of nodes in the BST which sum to the value ‘S’. If no such pair exists, then print -1 - 1.

Note:

You can use extra space of the order of not more than O(log n).

A binary search tree (BST) is a binary tree data structure which has the following properties.
• The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with data less than the node’s data.
• The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with data greater than the node’s data.
• Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

Note:

1. All the elements of the Binary Search Tree are unique.
2. You can’t use the same node value/element of BST twice.

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