Senior Software Engineer

Given an array/list of integers of length ‘N’, there is a sliding window of size ‘K’ which moves from the beginning of the array, to the very end. You can only see the ‘K’ numbers in a particular window at a time. For each of the 'N'-'K'+1 different windows thus formed, you are supposed to return the maximum element in each of them, from the given array/list.

You have been given an array/list 'ARR' of integers. Your task is to find the second largest element present in the 'ARR'.

Note:

a) Duplicate elements may be present.

b) If no such element is present return -1.

Example:

Input: Given a sequence of five numbers 2, 4, 5, 6, 8.

Output:  6

Explanation:
In the given sequence of numbers, number 8 is the largest element, followed by number 6 which is the second-largest element. Hence we return number 6 which is the second-largest element in the sequence.

A few days back, Ninja encountered a string containing characters from ‘A’ to ‘Z’ which indicated a secret message. For security purposes he encoded each character of the string to its numeric value, that is, A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, till Z = 26 and combined them as a single sequence (SEQ) of digits of length N. Let's say the message was "LA", Ninja encoded it as 121 for L=12 and A=1.

Today, when he read the encoded secret message, he realised that he was not able to decode the original string. So, the Ninja is wondering in how many ways he can decode the numeric sequence to some valid string.

A valid string is a string with characters from A to Z and no other characters.

Example:

Let the encoded sequence be 121,

The first way to decode 121 is:
1 = A
2 = B
1 = A
Thus, the decoded string will be ABA.

The second way to decode 121 is:
12 = L
1 = A
Thus, the decoded string will be LA.

The third way to decode 121 is:
1 = A
21 = U
Thus, the decoded string will be AU.

So, there will be 3 ways to decode the sequence 121 i.e. [(ABA), (LA), (AU)].

Note:

The input sequence will always have at least 1 possible way to decode.    

As the answer can be large, return your answer modulo 10^9  + 7.

Follow Up:

Can you solve this using constant extra space?

He asked me my height. I told him 178cm. Then he creates one situation that goes like this. There is one river that has a depth of 174cm. He told me that if you don't have anything then how will cross the river? Also, which parameter in the statistics will help find the confidence you will be able to cross the river?

Difference between Regression and Classification Random Forest model.

If we have left skewed data, tell me the relation between Mean, Median, and Mode.

why random forests are called random?

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