SDE - 1

Given 'N' number of intervals, where each interval contains two integers denoting the boundaries of the interval. The task is to merge all the overlapping intervals and return the list of merged intervals sorted in ascending order.

Two intervals will be considered to be overlapping if the starting integer of one interval is less than or equal to the finishing integer of another interval, and greater than or equal to the starting integer of that interval.

Example:

for the given 5 intervals - [1,4], [3,5], [6,8], [10,12], [8,9].
Since intervals [1,4] and [3,5] overlap with each other, we will merge them into a single interval as [1,5].

Similarly [6,8] and [8,9] overlaps, we merge them into [6,9].

Interval [10,12] does not overlap with any interval.

Final List after merging overlapping intervals: [1,5], [6,9], [10,12]

Design a data structure that stores a mapping of a key to a given value and supports the following operations in constant time.

1. INSERT(key, value): Inserts an integer value to the data structure against a string type key if not already present. If already present, it updates the value of the key with the new one. This function will not return anything.

2. DELETE(key): Removes the key from the data structure if present. It doesn't return anything.

3. SEARCH(key): It searches for the key in the data structure. In case it is present, return true. Otherwise, return false.

4. GET(key): It returns the integer value stored against the given key. If the key is not present, return -1. 

5. GET_SIZE(): It returns an integer value denoting the size of the data structure. 

6. IS_EMPTY(): It returns a boolean value, denoting whether the data structure is empty or not. 

Note :

1. Key is always a string value.
2. Value can never be -1.

Operations Performed :

First(Denoted by integer value 1):  Insertion to the Data Structure. It is done in a pair of (key, value).

Second(Denoted by integer value 2):  Deletion of a key from the Data Structure.

Third(Denoted by integer value 3): Search a given key in the Data Structure.

Fourth(Denoted by integer value 4): Retrieve the value for a given key from the Data Structure.

Fifth(Denoted by integer value 5): Retrieve the size of the Data Structure.

Sixth(Denoted by integer value 6): Retrieve whether the Data Structure is empty or not.

You are given an array/list 'ARR' consisting of N integers, which contains elements only in the range 0 to N - 1. Some of the elements may be repeated in 'ARR'. Your task is to find all such duplicate elements.

Note:

1. All the elements are in the range 0 to N - 1.
2. The elements may not be in sorted order.
3. You can return the duplicate elements in any order.
4. If there are no duplicates present then return an empty array.

You have been given an array/list 'PREORDER' representing the preorder traversal of a BST with 'N' nodes. All the elements in the given array have distinct values.

Your task is to construct a binary search tree that matches the given preorder traversal.

A binary search tree (BST) is a binary tree data structure that has the following properties:

• The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with data less than the node’s data.
• The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with data greater than the node’s data.
• Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

Note:

It is guaranteed that a BST can be always constructed from the given preorder traversal. Hence, the answer will always exist.

Example:

From PREORDER = [20, 10, 5, 15, 13, 35, 30, 42] , the following BST can be constructed:

Given a string of integers ‘bin’. Return 'true' if the string represents a valid binary number, else return 'false'. A binary number is a number that has only 0 or 1 in it.

You are given an array/list 'NUM' of integers. You are supposed to rearrange the elements of the given 'NUM' so that after rearranging the given array/list there are no two adjacent elements present in the rearranged 'NUM' which will be the same.

For example:

Input: NUM[] = {1,1,1,2,2,2} 
Output: {1,2,1,2,1,2}
Note: {2,1,2,1,2,1} is also valid because there are no two adjacent which are the same.