Technical Consultant

You are given an array 'ARR' of integers of length N. Your task is to find the first missing positive integer in linear time and constant space. In other words, find the lowest positive integer that does not exist in the array. The array can have negative numbers as well.

For example, the input [3, 4, -1, 1] should give output 2 because it is the smallest positive number that is missing in the input array.

There is a street of length X with positions numbered from 0 to X (0,1,…, ’X’). Initially, there are no traffic lights in these slots. Later ‘N’ sets of traffic lights are added to the street one after another. The ‘POS’ array tells the position of the ‘i’th light.

Your task is to calculate the length of the longest passage without traffic lights after each addition.

For example:

Given:- ‘X’ = 5 and ‘N’ = 2.
‘POS’[] = 3, 4
The output will be 3 and 3.
Initially, there are no lights, and we install a light at position three; therefore, there is a segment between the 3 and 6. 
Then we install a light at position four; therefore, the largest gap becomes between 0 to 3.

You have been given a Binary Search Tree of integers. You are supposed to convert it to a greater sum tree such that the value of every node in the given BST is replaced with the sum of the values of all the nodes which are greater than the value of the current node in the tree.

A Binary Search Tree is a tree, whose internal nodes each store a value greater than all the values in the node's left subtree and less than those in its right subtree.

Note :

You need to modify the given tree only. You are not allowed to create a new tree.

For example:

For the given binary search tree

11 will be replaced by {15 + 29 + 35 + 40}, i.e. 119.
2 will be replaced by {7 + 11 + 15 + 29 + 35 + 40}, i.e. 137.
29 will be replaced by {35 + 40}, i.e. 75.
1 will be replaced by {2 + 7 + 11 + 15 + 29 + 35 + 40}, i.e. 139.
7 will be replaced by {11 + 15 + 29 + 35 + 40}, i.e. 130.
15 will be replaced by {15 + 29 + 35 + 40}, i.e. 104.
40 will be replaced by 0 {as there is no node with a value greater than 40}.
35 will be replaced by {40}, i.e. 40.

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• If the selling price is doubled, the profit triples. Find the profit percent.
• There are two examination rooms, A and B. If 10 students are sent from A to B, then the number of students in each room is the same. If 20 candidates are sent from B to A, then the number of students in A is double the number of students in B. Find the number of students in room A.
• A bag contains 2 red, 3 green, and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?

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What are your strengths and weakness?