SDE - 1

You have been given a grid containing some oranges. Each cell of this grid has one of the three integers values:

Value 0 - representing an empty cell.

Value 1 - representing a fresh orange.

Value 2 - representing a rotten orange.

Every second, any fresh orange that is adjacent(4-directionally) to a rotten orange becomes rotten.

Your task is to find out the minimum time after which no cell has a fresh orange. If it's impossible to rot all the fresh oranges then print -1.

Note:

1. The grid has 0-based indexing.
2. A rotten orange can affect the adjacent oranges 4 directionally i.e. Up, Down, Left, Right.

You are given an array 'ARR' consisting of 'N' positive numbers and sorted in non-decreasing order, and your task is to find the smallest positive integer value that cannot be represented as a sum of elements of any proper subset of the given array.

An array 'B' is a subset of another array 'A' if each element of 'B' is present in 'A'.

For example:

For the given input array [1, 1, 3],
1 can be represented as the sum of elements of the subset [1],
2 can be represented as the sum of elements of a subset [1, 1],
3 can be represented as the sum of elements of a subset [3],
4 can be represented as the sum of elements of a subset [1, 3],
5 can be represented as the sum of elements of a subset [1, 1, 3]
So, the smallest positive integer value that cannot be represented as a sum of elements of any subset of a given array is 6.

Given an adjacency list representation of a directed graph with ‘n’ vertices and ‘m’ edges. Your task is to return a list consisting of Breadth-First Traversal (BFS) starting from vertex 0.

In this traversal, one can move from vertex 'u' to vertex 'v' only if there is an edge from 'u' to 'v'. The BFS traversal should include all nodes directly or indirectly connected to vertex 0.

Note:

The traversal should proceed from left to right according to the input adjacency list.

Example:

Adjacency list: { {1,2,3},{4}, {5}, {},{},{}}

The interpretation of this adjacency list is as follows:
Vertex 0 has directed edges towards vertices 1, 2, and 3.
Vertex 1 has a directed edge towards vertex 4.
Vertex 2 has a directed edge towards vertex 5.
Vertices 3, 4, and 5 have no outgoing edges.

We can also see this in the diagram below.

BFS traversal: 0 1 2 3 4 5

1. Difference between list and set. (Learn)
2. Design an LRU cache. (Learn)
3. Difference between Hashtable and HashMap. (Learn)

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