Assistant System Engineer

You are given a string ‘S’ of length ‘N’. The string can be encoded using the following rules:

1) If the ‘i-th’ character is a vowel, change it to the next character in the alphabetical sequence. For example, the next character of ‘o’ is ‘p’.

2) If the ‘i-th’ character is a consonant, change it to the previous character in the alphabetical sequence. For example, the previous character of ‘h’ is ‘g’.

3) The next character of ‘z’ is ‘a’.

4) The previous character of ‘a’ is ‘z’.

Find the encoded string.

Example :

‘N’ = 4, ‘S’ = “code”

Character ‘c’ gets changed to ‘b’.
Character ‘o’ gets changed to ‘p’.
Character ‘d’ gets changed to ‘c’.
Character ‘e’ gets changed to ‘f’.

Encoded string = “bpcf”

Given an array “A” of N integers and you have also defined the new array “B” as a concatenation of array “A” for an infinite number of times.

For example, if the given array “A” is [1,2,3] then, infinite array “B” is [1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3,.......].

Now you are given Q queries, each query consists of two integers “L“ and “R”(1-based indexing). Your task is to find the sum of the subarray from index “L” to “R” (both inclusive) in the infinite array “B” for each query.

Note :

The value of the sum can be very large, return the answer as modulus 10^9+7.

You are given an integer ‘N’. You have to print the value of Factorial of ‘N’. The Factorial of a number ‘N’ is defined as the product of all numbers from 1 to ‘N’.

For Example:

Consider if ‘N’ = 4, the Factorial of 4 will be the product of all numbers from 1 to 4, which is 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 = 24. Hence, the answer is 24.

• What are the advantages of Packages in Java?
• How would you differentiate between a String, StringBuffer, and a StringBuilder?
• Why Java is platform-independent and JVM platform-dependent?

Differentiate between Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning, & Reinforcement learning.

• What is meant by Interface?
• Explain the difference between Abstract class and Interface.