SDE - 1

You are given an array 'a' of size 'n'.

Print the Next Greater Element(NGE) for every element.

The Next Greater Element for an element 'x' is the first element on the right side of 'x' in the array, which is greater than 'x'.

If no greater elements exist to the right of 'x', consider the next greater element as -1.

For example:

Input: 'a' = [7, 12, 1, 20]

Output: NGE = [12, 20, 20, -1]

Explanation: For the given array,

- The next greater element for 7 is 12.

- The next greater element for 12 is 20. 

- The next greater element for 1 is 20. 

- There is no greater element for 20 on the right side. So we consider NGE as -1.

Given two integers, ‘N’ and ‘M’, your task is to find the sum of Fibonacci numbers between ‘fib(N)’ and ‘fib(M)’ where ‘fib(N)’ represents the Nth Fibonacci number and ‘fib(M)’ represents the Mth Fibonacci number. The sum is given by sum(N, M) = fib(N) + fib(N+1) + fib(N+2) … fib(M). Since the answer could be large, so you have to return the sum modulo 10^9 + 7.

The fibonacci relation is given by:

fib(0) = 0 
fib(1) = 1
fib(n) = fib(n-1) + fib(n-2), n >= 2, where fib(n) represents the nth fibonacci number.

You will be given ‘N’ queries. You need to implement ‘N’ queues using an array according to those queries. Each query will belong to one of these two types:

1 ‘X’ N: Enqueue element ‘X’  into the end of the nth queue. Returns true if the element is enqueued, otherwise false.

2 N: Dequeue the element at the front of the nth queue. Returns -1 if the queue is empty, otherwise, returns the dequeued element.

Note:

Please note that Enqueue means adding an element to the end of the queue, while Dequeue means removing the element from the front of the queue.

You are given an array/list ‘ARR’ of ‘N’ integers. You have to generate an array/list containing squares of each number in ‘ARR’, sorted in increasing order.

For example :

Input:
‘ARR’ = [-6,-3, 2, 1, 5] 

If we take a square of each element then the array/list will become [36, 9, 4, 1, 25].
Then the sorted array/list will be [1, 4, 9, 25, 36].

Output :
[1, 4, 9, 25, 36].

You have been given a binary tree of integers. You have to return all the diagonal paths of the binary tree. A diagonal path is one in which all the nodes pass through -1 slope line.

A binary tree is a tree in which each parent node has at most two children.

Note:

Order of return of diagonal path’s array/vector: The rightmost diagonal path must come first, and so on.
Every parent node comes first then the child node. In other words, return the diagonal element from top to bottom.

Example

Consider the given binary tree.

There are 4 diagonal paths:
1 3 6
2 5 9
4 8
7
You need to return ‘1 3 6 2 5 9 4 8 7’.

Let's consider this example

Diagonal paths are:
1 3 6
2 5
4

You need to return ‘1 3 6 2 5 4’.

You are given two strings 'A' and 'B' of words. Your task is to find out the most frequent and lexicographically smallest word in string 'A', which is not present in string 'B'. If no such word is present in 'A', then return -1.

Note:

1. A word is a sequence of one or more lowercase characters.

2. Words are separated by a single whitespace character.

Example:

For the given string 'A' = “coding ninjas coding ninjas” and 'B' = “data structures and algorithms”, so both the word 'coding' and 'ninjas' are not present in string 'B' and occur two times each, but the word “coding” is lexicographically smaller than the word “ninjas”. So the answer is “coding”.

You are given an array ‘arr’ of ‘N’ integers. Your task is to find the count of pairs with a sum equal to zero.

Specifically, find the count of all pairs ( i , j ) such that i < j and arr[i] + arr[j] = 0

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