SDE - 1

You are given an array consisting of 'N' positive integers where each integer is either 0 or 1 or 2. Your task is to sort the given array in non-decreasing order.

Note :

1. The array consists of only 3 distinct integers 0, 1, 2.
2. The array is non-empty.

You have a set of 10 weights, each weighing 10g. There are 10 such sets. However, one set contains 10 weights of 9g. Determine the set with the 9g weights by using a weighing scale only once.

Solution: Take 1 weight from set 1, 2 weights from set 2, and so on up to 10 weights from set 10. Place all of them on the weighing scale at once. Subtract the weight on the scale from 100g to determine which set contains the 9g weights.

You are given an integer ‘N’, your task is to find and return the N’th Fibonacci number using matrix exponentiation.

Since the answer can be very large, return the answer modulo 10^9 +7.

Fibonacci number is calculated using the following formula:

F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2), 
Where, F(1) = F(2) = 1.

For Example:

For ‘N’ = 5, the output will be 5.

You have been given a Singly Linked List of integers, determine if it forms a cycle or not. If there is a cycle, remove the cycle and return the list.

A cycle occurs when a node's ‘next’ points back to a previous node in the list.

You are given an undirected, connected and weighted graph G(V, E), consisting of V number of vertices (numbered from 0 to V-1) and E number of edges.

Find and print the total weight of the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) using Kruskal's algorithm.

By definition, a minimum weight spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted undirected graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight.

You are given an array 'a' of size 'n'.

Print the Next Greater Element(NGE) for every element.

The Next Greater Element for an element 'x' is the first element on the right side of 'x' in the array, which is greater than 'x'.

If no greater elements exist to the right of 'x', consider the next greater element as -1.

For example:

Input: 'a' = [7, 12, 1, 20]

Output: NGE = [12, 20, 20, -1]

Explanation: For the given array,

- The next greater element for 7 is 12.

- The next greater element for 12 is 20. 

- The next greater element for 1 is 20. 

- There is no greater element for 20 on the right side. So we consider NGE as -1.