Software Engineer

1. ref keyword is necessary the parameters should initialize before it pass to ref. out keyword is not necessary to initialize parameters before it pass to out.
2. ref is not necessary to initialize the value of a parameter before returning to the calling method. out is necessary to initialize the value of a parameter before returning to the calling method.
3. The passing of value through ref parameter is useful when the called method also need to change the value of passed parameter. The declaring of parameter through out parameter is useful when a method return multiple values.
4. When ref keyword is used the data may pass in bi-directional. When out keyword is used the data only passed in unidirectional.

In Asp.Net MVC there are three ways to pass/store data between the controllers and views.

ViewData
ViewData is used to pass data from controller to view.
It is derived from ViewDataDictionary class.
It is available for the current request only.
Requires typecasting for complex data type and checks for null values to avoid error.
If redirection occurs, then its value becomes null. 

ViewBag
ViewBag is also used to pass data from the controller to the respective view
ViewBag is a dynamic property that takes advantage of the new dynamic features in C# 4.0
It is also available for the current request only
If redirection occurs, then its value becomes null
Doesn’t require typecasting for complex data type

TempData
TempData is derived from TempDataDictionary class
TempData is used to pass data from the current request to the next request
It keeps the information for the time of an HTTP Request. This means only from one page to another. It helps to maintain the data when we move from one controller to another controller or from one action to another action
It requires typecasting for complex data type and checks for null values to avoid error. Generally, it is used to store only one time messages like the error messages and validation messages.

Unmanaged Code
Applications that are not under the control of the CLR are unmanaged. The unsafe code or the unmanaged code is a code block that uses a pointer variable. The unsafe modifier allows pointer usage in unmanaged code.

Managed Code
Managed code is a code whose execution is managed by Common Language Runtime. It gets the managed code and compiles it into machine code. After that, the code is executed. The runtime here i.e. CLR provides automatic memory management, type safety, etc.
Managed code is written in high-level languages run on top of .NET. This can be C#, F#, etc. A code compiled in any of this language with their compilers, a machine code is not generated. However, you will get the Intermediate Language code, compiled and executed by runtime
C/C++ code, called "unmanaged code” do not have that privilege. The program is in binary that is loaded by the operating system into the memory. Rest, the programmer has to take care of.

DDL Triggers
In SQL Server we can create triggers on DDL statements (like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP) and certain system-defined stored procedures that perform DDL-like operations. DDL trigger can be used to observe and control actions performed on the server, and to audit these operations. DDL triggers can be used to manage administrative tasks such as auditing and regulating database operations.

DML Triggers
In SQL Server we can create triggers on DML statements (like INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE) and stored procedures that perform DML-like operations. DML Triggers are of two types : 

After Trigger (using FOR/AFTER CLAUSE)
This type of trigger fires after SQL Server finishes the execution of the action successfully that fired it.

Instead of Trigger (using INSTEAD OF CLAUSE)
This type of trigger fires before SQL Server starts the execution of the action that fired it. This differs from the AFTER trigger, which fires after the action that caused it to fire. We can have an INSTEAD OF insert/update/delete trigger on a table that successfully executed but does not include the actual insert/update/delete to the table.

CLR Triggers
CLR triggers are a special type of triggers based on the CLR (Common Language Runtime) in .net framework. CLR integration of triggers has been introduced with SQL Server 2008 and allows for triggers to be coded in one of .NET languages like C#, Visual Basic and F#.

Logon Triggers
Logon triggers are a special type of trigger that fire when LOGON event of SQL Server is raised. This event is raised when a user session is being established with SQL Server that is made after the authentication phase finishes, but before the user session is actually established. Hence, all messages that we define in the trigger such as error messages, will be redirected to the SQL Server error log. Logon triggers do not fire if authentication fails.

C# includes specialized classes that store series of values or objects are called collections.
There are two types of collections available in C#: non-generic collections and generic collections.
The System.Collections namespace contains the non-generic collection types and System.Collections.Generic namespace includes generic collection types.

C# includes the following generic collection classes in the System.Collections.Generic namespace.
List Generic List contains elements of specified type. It grows automatically as you add elements in it.
Dictionary Dictionary contains key-value pairs.
SortedList SortedList stores key and value pairs. It automatically adds the elements in ascending order of key by default.
Queue Queue stores the values in FIFO style (First In First Out). It keeps the order in which the values were added. It provides an Enqueue() method to add values and a Dequeue() method to retrieve values from the collection.
Stack Stack stores the values as LIFO (Last In First Out). It provides a Push() method to add a value and Pop() & Peek() methods to retrieve values.
Hashset Hashset contains non-duplicate elements. It eliminates duplicate elements.

Non-generic Collections
ArrayList ArrayList stores objects of any type like an array. However, there is no need to specify the size of the ArrayList like with an array as it grows automatically.
SortedList SortedList stores key and value pairs. It automatically arranges elements in ascending order of key by default. C# includes both, generic and non-generic SortedList collection.
Stack Stack stores the values in LIFO style (Last In First Out). It provides a Push() method to add a value and Pop() & Peek() methods to retrieve values. C# includes both, generic and non-generic Stack.
Queue Queue stores the values in FIFO style (First In First Out). It keeps the order in which the values were added. It provides an Enqueue() method to add values and a Dequeue() method to retrieve values from the collection. C# includes generic and non-generic Queue.
Hashtable Hashtable stores key and value pairs. It retrieves the values by comparing the hash value of the keys.
BitArray BitArray manages a compact array of bit values, which are represented as Booleans, where true indicates that the bit is on (1) and false indicates the bit is off (0).

Tip 1 : Be sure to do your homework on the organization and its culture before the interview.
Tip 2 : Employers want to understand how you use your time and energy to stay productive and efficient. Be sure to emphasize that you adhere to deadlines and take them seriously.
Tip 3 : Talk about a relevant incident that made you keen on the profession you are pursuing and follow up by discussing your education.