SDE - Intern

You are given an array of integers 'ARR' containing N elements. Each integer is in the range [1, N-1], with exactly one element repeated in the array.

Your task is to find the duplicate element. The duplicate element may be repeated more than twice in the error, but there will be exactly one element that is repeated in the array.

Note :

All the integers in the array appear only once except for precisely one integer which appears two or more times.

You are given a positive integer ‘N’. Your task is to print all prime numbers less than or equal to N.

Note: A prime number is a natural number that is divisible only by 1 and itself. Example - 2, 3, 17, etc.

You can assume that the value of N will always be greater than 1. So, the answer will always exist.

Ninja is going to visit her friend Mico. He is thinking to gift her a string. But he came to know that Mico only likes the string 'S'. Ninja already has a string 'K'. Now, Ninja can change the string 'K' in some other string by choosing any character in one move and change all its occurrence with any other lowercase English character. He can do this several times.

Help Ninja to find if he can change his string 'K' to string 'S', which Mico likes.

Note:

Both 'S' and 'K' contain only lowercase English characters.

For Example:

K = "aabb" and S = "bbcc"
Now Ninja can do the following changes:
- Change ‘b’ to ‘c’ -> “aacc”
- Change ‘a’ to ‘b’ -> “bbcc”

Hence Ninja can give Mico the desired gift.

You are given N rectangles whose sides are aligned with the x-axis and the y-axis. Each rectangle is represented by 4 integers [ a, b, c ,d ]. Here, (a, b) are x and y coordinates of the bottom left corner, and (c, d) are x and y coordinates of the top right corner.

You need to find if they all together form a rectangular region cover.

For Example :

If the given rectangle is [1, 1, 3, 2]. It means the bottom left corner is at [1, 1] and the top right corner is at [3, 2]. Hence, the top left corner is at [1, 2] and the bottom right corner is at [3, 1].

For the given figure is for N = 4, rectangle[0] = [1, 1, 4, 5], rectangle[1] = [4, 1, 6, 2], rectangle[3] = [4, 2, 6, 5], rectangle[4] = [6, 1, 8, 5].

As they all form a big rectangle [1, 1, 8, 5]. So, the answer is 1.

Note :

Two integers are used to represent Point - x and y coordinates.

Two points are used to represent a Rectangle - Bottom left corner and top right corner.

You have been given a long type array/list 'arr’ of size 'n’.

It represents an elevation map wherein 'arr[i]’ denotes the elevation of the 'ith' bar.

Print the total amount of rainwater that can be trapped in these elevations.

Note :

The width of each bar is the same and is equal to 1.

Example:

Input: ‘n’ = 6, ‘arr’ = [3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 4].

Output: 10

Explanation: Refer to the image for better comprehension:

Note :

You don't need to print anything. It has already been taken care of. Just implement the given function.

You are given an array of ‘N’ distinct integers and an integer ‘X’ representing the target sum. You have to tell the minimum number of elements you have to take to reach the target sum ‘X’.

Note:

You have an infinite number of elements of each type.

For example

If N=3 and X=7 and array elements are [1,2,3]. 
Way 1 - You can take 4 elements  [2, 2, 2, 1] as 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 7.
Way 2 - You can take 3 elements  [3, 3, 1] as 3 + 3 + 1 = 7.
Here, you can see in Way 2 we have used 3 coins to reach the target sum of 7.
Hence the output is 3.

1) In the following process state transition diagram for a uniprocessor system, assume that there are always some processes in the ready state: Now consider the following statements:

I. If a process makes a transition D, it would result in another process making transition A immediately.
II. A process P2 in blocked state can make transition E while another process P1 is in running state.
III. The OS uses preemptive scheduling.
IV. The OS uses non-preemptive scheduling.
Which of the above statements are TRUE?
(A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) II and III
(D) II and IV

Consider the following code fragment:

if (fork() == 0)
{ a = a + 5; printf(“%d,%d\n”, a, &a); }
else { a = a –5; printf(“%d, %d\n”, a, &a); } 
Let u, v be the values printed by the parent process, and x, y be the values printed by the child process. Which one of the following is TRUE?
(A) u = x + 10 and v = y
(B) u = x + 10 and v != y
(C) u + 10 = x and v = y
(D) u + 10 = x and v != y

Consider the following statements about user level threads and kernel level threads. Which one of the following statement is FALSE?
(A) Context switch time is longer for kernel level threads than for user level threads.
(B) User level threads do not need any hardware support.
(C) Related kernel level threads can be scheduled on different processors in a multi-processor system.
(D) Blocking one kernel level thread blocks all related threads.

A thread is usually defined as a “light weight process” because an operating system (OS) maintains smaller data structures for a thread than for a process. In relation to this, which of the following is TRUE?
(A) On per-thread basis, the OS maintains only CPU register state
(B) The OS does not maintain a separate stack for each thread
(C) On per-thread basis, the OS does not maintain virtual memory state
(D) On per-thread basis, the OS maintains only scheduling and accounting information

onsider the following code fragment:

if (fork() == 0)
{ a = a + 5; printf(“%d,%d\n”, a, &a); }
else { a = a –5; printf(“%d, %d\n”, a, &a); } 
Let u, v be the values printed by the parent process, and x, y be the values printed by the child process. Which one of the following is TRUE?
(A) u = x + 10 and v = y
(B) u = x + 10 and v != y
(C) u + 10 = x and v = y
(D) u + 10 = x and v != y

Consider the following statements about user level threads and kernel level threads. Which one of the following statement is FALSE?
(A) Context switch time is longer for kernel level threads than for user level threads.
(B) User level threads do not need any hardware support.
(C) Related kernel level threads can be scheduled on different processors in a multi-processor system.
(D) Blocking one kernel level thread blocks all related threads.

A thread is usually defined as a “light weight process” because an operating system (OS) maintains smaller data structures for a thread than for a process. In relation to this, which of the following is TRUE?
(A) On per-thread basis, the OS maintains only CPU register state
(B) The OS does not maintain a separate stack for each thread
(C) On per-thread basis, the OS does not maintain virtual memory state
(D) On per-thread basis, the OS maintains only scheduling and accounting information