Jr. Associate software engineer

You are given an integer ‘N’, your task is to find and return the N’th Fibonacci number using matrix exponentiation.

Since the answer can be very large, return the answer modulo 10^9 +7.

Fibonacci number is calculated using the following formula:

F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2), 
Where, F(1) = F(2) = 1.

For Example:

For ‘N’ = 5, the output will be 5.

You are given an array of integers, 'PRICES' of size 'N', where 'PRICES[i]' is the price of a given stock on 'i'th day.

On each day, you may decide to buy and sell the stock. You can only hold at most one share of the stock at any time. However, you can buy it and then immediately sell it on the same day.

Return the maximum profit you can achieve.

Note: You can't sell a stock before you buy one.

Example:

Let's say, 'PRICES' = [7, 1, 5, 4, 3, 6]

Purchase stock on day two, where the price is one, and sell it on day three, where the price is five, profit = 5 - 1 = 4.
Purchase stock on day five, where the price is three, and sell it on day six, where the price is six, profit = 6 - 3 = 3.
Total Profit is 4+3 = 7. Hence we return 7.

You are given an array 'ARR' of integers of length 'N' and a positive integer 'K'. You need to find the maximum elements for each and every contiguous subarray of size K of the array.

For example

'ARR' =  [3, 4, -1, 1, 5] and 'K' = 3
Output =  [4, 4, 5]

Since the maximum element of the first subarray of length three ([3, 4, -1]) is 4, the maximum element of the second subarray of length three ([4, -1, 1]) is also 4 and the maximum element of the last subarray of length three ([-1, 1, 5]) is 5, so you need to return [4, 4, 5]. 

You have been given two Strings “STR1” and “STR2” of characters. Your task is to find the length of the longest common subsequence.

A String ‘a’ is a subsequence of a String ‘b’ if ‘a’ can be obtained from ‘b’ by deletion of several (possibly, zero or all) characters. A common subsequence of two Strings is a subsequence that is common to both Strings.

A monkey is given ‘n’ piles of bananas, where the 'ith' pile has ‘a[i]’ bananas. An integer ‘h’ is also given, which denotes the time (in hours) in which all the bananas should be eaten.

Each hour, the monkey chooses a non-empty pile of bananas and eats ‘m’ bananas. If the pile contains less than ‘m’ bananas, then the monkey consumes all the bananas and won’t eat any more bananas in that hour.

Find the minimum number of bananas ‘m’ to eat per hour so that the monkey can eat all the bananas within ‘h’ hours.

Example:

Input: ‘n’ = 4, ‘a’ =  [3, 6, 2, 8] , ‘h’ = 7

Output: 3

Explanation: If ‘m’ = 3, then 
The time taken to empty the 1st pile is 1 hour.
The time taken to empty the 2nd pile is 2 hour.
The time taken to empty the 3rd pile is 1 hour.
The time taken to empty the 4th pile is 3 hour.
Therefore a total of 7 hours is taken. It can be shown that if the rate of eating bananas is reduced, they can’t be eaten in 7 hours.

You are given an 'N * N' matrix of integers where each row and each column is sorted in increasing order. You are given a target integer 'X'.

Find the position of 'X' in the matrix. If it exists then return the pair {i, j} where 'i' represents the row and 'j' represents the column of the array, otherwise return {-1,-1}

For example:

If the given matrix is:
[ [1, 2, 5],
  [3, 4, 9],
  [6, 7, 10]] 
We have to find the position of 4. We will return {1,1} since A[1][1] = 4.