The demand for software engineers is expected to grow by 25% by 2031
That means more job opportunities, better salaries, and a secure future in tech. So, how can you step into this exciting field?
In this guide, we’ll show you how to become a software engineer in just 5 simple steps. You'll also learn about the key skills and qualifications needed to start your career in software development.
Let’s get started!
- What is Software engineering?
- What is a software engineer?
- Types of software engineers
- What does a software engineer do?
- How to become a software engineer in 2025
- How to become a software engineer after 12th
- Software engineer qualifications
- Software engineer certifications
- Software engineer skills
- Software engineer tools
- Average salary of software engineers in India
- How long does it take to become a software engineer?
- Common questions on how to become a software engineer
What is Software Engineering?
Software engineering is the process of designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software applications.
It involves using programming languages, problem-solving skills, and engineering principles to create reliable and efficient software.
What is a Software Engineer?
A software engineer is a tech expert who builds and improves digital solutions using programming skills.
They create applications, systems, and tools that power everything from smartphones to business software.
Software engineers are in high demand in various industries, including –
- Tech
- Healthcare
- Finance
- Gaming
- Cybersecurity
- E-commerce
Types of Software Engineers
Here are the different types of careers in software engineering:
What Does a Software Engineer Do?
Now, let’s go through software engineer roles and responsibilities.
- Write clean and efficient code using programming languages
- Develop software applications, websites, and systems
- Test and debug programs to fix errors
- Collaborate with teams to create user-friendly software
- Improve software performance and security
- Update and maintain existing software
- Work with databases to store and manage data
- Automate tasks to improve efficiency
- Research new technologies and tools
- Document code and software processes
How to Become a Software Engineer in 2025
Wondering how to become a software engineer?
Whether you are a student, a graduate from a different field, or a working professional looking to switch careers - here is a simple 5-step software engineer roadmap you can follow.
Step 1: Choose the right education path
You can become a software engineer through formal education or self-learning. Here are the two main routes:
1. Formal education (degree path)
- Pursue a B.Tech/B.E. in Computer Science, IT, or related fields. Top colleges include IITs, NITs, IIITs, and private institutes like VIT, BITS, and SRM.
- Other degree options - If you have a B.Sc. in Computer Science or a BCA (Bachelor of Computer Applications), you can also enter software engineering.
- Master’s degree (optional) - An M.Tech or MCA can add value but is not mandatory for most jobs.
2. Alternative education (without a degree)
- Diplomas and certifications - Courses from institutes like NIIT, Aptech and government-run training programs like NPTEL.
- Online learning - Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and edX offer coding bootcamps.
Pro tip - If you can’t afford a formal degree, start with free resources like CS50 by Harvard (available online) and YouTube tutorials.
We’ll also show you how to become a software engineer after 12th.
Step 2: Learn programming languages & core computer science concepts
To become a software engineer, you must learn programming and computer science fundamentals.
Essential programming languages:
- Python – Best for beginners, AI, and backend development.
- Java – Used in enterprise applications, Android development.
- C++ – Important for competitive coding and system programming.
- JavaScript – Essential for web development.
Important computer science concepts:
- Data structures & algorithms (DSA) - Learn sorting, searching, trees, graphs, and dynamic programming.
- Database management - SQL, MySQL, PostgreSQL.
- Operating systems & networks - Understanding Linux, Windows, TCP/IP.
Pro tip - Start practising coding on platforms like LeetCode, CodeChef, and GeeksforGeeks.
Step 3: Build hands-on projects
Employers in India prefer practical experience. Create projects to showcase your skills.
Beginner projects:
- Portfolio website (HTML, CSS, JavaScript)
- To-do list app (JavaScript, React)
Intermediate projects:
- E-commerce website (MERN stack)
- Chat application (Node.js, WebSockets)
Advanced projects:
- AI-based chatbot (Python, NLP)
- Blockchain-based voting system
Pro tip - Upload projects on GitHub and write about them on LinkedIn or Medium.
Step 4: Gain practical experience & internships
Internships help you gain real-world experience and improve your resume.
Where to find internships?
- Naukri, Internshala, and LinkedIn – Best platforms for internship opportunities.
- Apply to startups and MNCs like TCS, Infosys, and Wipro.
- Contribute to Open Source projects on GitHub.
Pro tip - Even unpaid internships can provide valuable experience and industry connections.
Step 5: Apply for jobs & prepare for interviews
Once you have the necessary skills and experience, start applying for jobs.
Where to apply?
- Job portals - Naukri, Hirist, IIMJobs.
- Company websites - Directly apply to IT giants like TCS, Infosys, Google, and Microsoft.
How to prepare for interviews?
- Practice DSA & system design – Essential for FAANG companies.
- Mock interviews - Use Pramp, InterviewBit.
- Behavioural questions - Learn HR round strategies.
Pro tip - Keep your LinkedIn profile updated and network with professionals to increase job opportunities.
Also read: Scope of Software Engineering in India
How to Become a Software Engineer after 12th
If you are wondering how to become a software engineer after 12th – just follow these steps:
1. Choose the right course
You can pursue a degree or an alternative path:
- Engineering degree (preferred route): Enroll in B.Tech/B.E. in Computer Science, IT, or Software Engineering from reputed institutes.
- Alternative degrees: If you don’t get into engineering, you can pursue BCA (Bachelor of Computer Applications) or B.Sc. in Computer Science.
- Diploma courses: Some polytechnic institutes offer Diploma in Computer Science or Software Engineering, which can help you enter the field faster.
2. Start learning programming early
Alongside your studies, start learning programming languages like Python, Java, or C++. Use free and paid online resources like NPTEL, Udemy, and Coursera to build your skills.
3. Gain hands-on experience
- Work on projects (e.g., websites, mobile apps).
- Contribute to open-source projects on GitHub.
- Apply for internships on Naukri or LinkedIn.
4. Prepare for job placements
Develop problem-solving skills, practice data structures and algorithms, and apply for entry-level roles at IT companies and startups.
Pro tip - Start freelancing or part-time coding jobs to gain experience while studying!
Software Engineer Qualifications
So, what is the qualification for a software engineer?
- Bachelor’s degree - B.Tech/B.E. in Computer Science, IT, or related fields
- Alternative degrees - BCA (Bachelor of Computer Applications) or B.Sc. in Computer Science
- Master’s degree (optional) - M.Tech, MCA, or M.Sc. in Computer Science for advanced roles
- Diploma courses - Diploma in Computer Science or Software Engineering (for early entry into the field)
Software Engineer Certifications
If you want to boost your career as a software engineer in India, here are some valuable certifications to consider:
- NPTEL Certification (Offered by IITs & IISc)
- CDAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing)
- IIT Madras Advanced Programming Certification
- Google IT Support & Python Certifications
- Microsoft Certified: Azure Fundamentals
- AWS Certified Developer – Associate
- Coursera/EdX certifications in Data Structures, Web Development, or AI
- Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) (for networking roles)
Software Engineer Skills
So, what are the skills required for software engineering?
Technical skills
- Programming languages - Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, or any relevant language
- Database management - SQL, MySQL, PostgreSQL, or NoSQL databases like MongoDB
- Cloud computing - AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
- Version control - Git, GitHub, or GitLab for managing code
- Operating systems - Linux, Windows, or macOS basics
- API development - RESTful APIs, GraphQL
Soft skills
- Problem-solving
- Analytical thinking
- Communication skills
- Teamwork & collaboration
- Adaptability
Software Engineer Tools
- Code editors & IDEs - VS Code, IntelliJ IDEA, PyCharm, Eclipse
- Version control - Git, GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket
- Project management - JIRA, Trello, Asana
- Databases - MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Firebase
- Cloud platforms - AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
- DevOps & CI/CD - Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, GitHub Actions
- Testing tools - JUnit, PyTest, Selenium, Postman
- Networking & security - Wireshark, Metasploit, Nagios
Average Salary of Software Engineers in India
In India, a software engineer with 1 to 5 years of experience can earn between ₹2.8 Lakhs and ₹16 Lakhs per year, depending on skills, company, and location.
Here is a simple table for software engineer salary by experience:
How Long Does it take to Become a Software Engineer?
Becoming a software engineer typically takes 3 to 4 years with a B.Tech/B.E. degree.
Without a degree, it may take 1 to 2 years through self-learning, bootcamps, and certifications, depending on dedication, practice, and hands-on experience.
Reasons why you should become a software engineer
25% job growth by 2031 – High demand and job security.
₹7–33 LPA salary (4–6 years) – Great earning potential.
70% remote work options – Flexible work opportunities.
90% of industries need software – Endless career options.
Common Questions on How to Become a Software Engineer
1. Is it hard to become a software engineer?
Becoming a software engineer takes ded
ication, problem-solving skills, and continuous learning. Coding and data structures may seem tough at first, but with practice and persistence, they become easier.
2. Can anyone become a software engineer?
Yes, anyone with the right mindset and willingness to learn can become a software engineer. You don’t need a formal background in computer science as long as you focus on coding, problem-solving, and building projects.
3. Explain the software engineer career path progression.
- Entry-level: Software Engineer/Developer
- Mid-level: Senior Software Engineer
- Advanced: Lead Developer, Software Architect
- Leadership: Engineering Manager, CTO
4. Can I become a software engineer without a formal degree?
Yes, a degree is not mandatory to become a software engineer. Many companies hire self-taught developers who have strong coding skills, a good portfolio of projects, and relevant certifications.
5. How can I gain practical experience as a software engineer?
- Work on real projects and create a GitHub portfolio.
- Do internships or freelance work.
- Contribute to open-source projects.
6. What should I study to become a software engineer?
- Learn programming languages (Python, Java, C++).
- Study DSA, databases, and operating systems.
- Practice coding and work on projects.
Wrapping up
And that’s a wrap on how to become a software engineer.
A quick recap:
- Choose the right education path (degree or self-learning).
- Learn programming languages and core computer science concepts.
- Build projects and gain hands-on experience.
- Apply for internships and prepare for job interviews.
With dedication and continuous learning, you can build a successful career in software engineering.Looking for software engineering jobs? Check out Naukri.com – where you can find all types of software engineering opportunities in India!
FAQs
What is the qualification for a Software Engineer?
To become a software engineer, you typically need a bachelor's degree in computer science, software engineering, or a related field. Some employers may also require or prefer a master's degree. In addition to formal education, having strong programming skills and experience with relevant technologies is important. Many software engineers also continue to learn and improve their skills throughout their careers.
How can I gain practical experience as a software engineer?
Gaining practical experience is crucial to becoming a successful software engineer. You can start by working on personal projects, contributing to open-source projects, or participating in coding competitions.
Internships or part-time positions at software companies can also provide valuable hands-on experience.
Building a portfolio of projects and collaborating with other developers can help showcase your skills and expertise.
What do you need to become a software engineer?
To become a software engineer, you typically need a strong understanding of computer programming languages, such as Java, Python, or C++, as well as knowledge of software development principles and methodologies. Additionally, having a bachelor's degree in computer science, software engineering, or a related field can help acquire the necessary skills and knowledge for the job.
How many years should I study to become a software engineer?
You typically need to study for around four years to become a software engineer. This usually involves completing a bachelor's degree in computer science or a related field. However, some people may take longer or shorter depending on their circumstances and the specific program they choose.
What are some resources for learning software engineering?
There are numerous resources available for learning software engineering. Online platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and edX offer courses on programming languages, algorithms, and software development practices.
Websites like Codecademy and FreeCodeCamp provide interactive coding tutorials. Books and online communities, such as Stack Overflow and GitHub, are excellent resources for learning and problem-solving.
Additionally, joining local tech meetups or participating in online coding forums can help you connect with other learners and industry professionals.
