Last Updated: 13 Feb, 2021

Distance Of Nearest Cell Having 1 In A Binary Matrix

Moderate
Asked in companies
FacebookDunzoCIS - Cyber Infrastructure

Problem statement

You have been given a binary matrix 'MAT' containing only 0’s and 1’s of size N x M. You need to find the distance of the nearest cell having 1 in the matrix for each cell.

The distance is calculated as |i1 – i2| + |j1 – j2|, where i1, j1 are the coordinates of the current cell and i2, j2 are the coordinates of the nearest cell having value 1.
Note :
You can only move in four directions which are : Up, Down, Left and Right.
For example :
If N = 3, M = 4

and mat[ ][ ] = { 0, 0, 0, 1,
                  0, 0, 1, 1,
                  0, 1, 1, 0 }

then the output matrix will be

3  2  1  0
2  1  0  0
1  0  0  1
Input Format:
The first line contains an integer 'T' which denotes the number of test cases or queries to be run. Then the test cases are as follows.

The first line of each test case contains two space-separated integers ‘N’ and ‘M’ which denotes the size of the matrix.

The ‘N’ lines of each test case contain ‘M’ space-separated elements of the matrix.  
Output Format:
For each test case, print a matrix of the same size containing the distance of the nearest cell having ‘1’ for each cell.
Note:
You do not need to print anything, it has already been taken care of. Just implement the given function.
Constraints:
1 <= T <= 5
1 <= N <= 2*10^2
1 <= M <= 2*10^2

Where ‘T’ is the number of test cases, ‘N’ is the number of rows in the matrix and ‘M’ is the number of columns in the matrix.

Approaches

01 Approach

  1. Traverse the matrix for all N*M cells one by one.
  2. For every cell find the closest cell which contains 1.
  3. Update the minimum distance.
  4. Fill the minimum distance in the matrix.

02 Approach

The basic idea of this approach is to use multi-source breadth first search. We will do bfs considering all the cells with value 1 as starting nodes. We can use an auxiliary queue to perform BFS.

 

  1. Create an empty queue.
  2. Traverse the whole matrix and insert the coordinates of all 1’s in the queue in the form of a pair.
  3. Now do a BFS traversal of the graph using the above created queue.
  4. Run a loop till the queue is not empty.
  5. Extract the front node of the queue and pop it and insert all its adjacent and unmarked elements by moving one step at a time in any of the four directions.
  6. Update the minimum distance as the distance of current node +1 and insert the coordinates of the next element in the queue.