Last Updated: 11 Mar, 2021
Letter Case Permutation
Moderate
Asked in companies
You are given a string 'S'. Your task is to find an array of all possible strings in any order that can be formed by transforming every letter individually to the lowercase or the uppercase.
Note:
1. You can print the array in any order.
2. The string 'S' only contains English alphabets and digits.
Input Format:
The first line contains an integer T, which denotes the number of test cases or queries to be run. Then, the T test cases follow.
The first and only line of each test case contains a string 'S', as described in the problem statement.
Output Format:
For each test case, print a single line containing space-separated strings denoting all possible strings by transforming, as described in the problem statement.
The output for each test case will be printed in a separate line.
Note:
You do not need to print anything. It has already been taken care of. Just implement the given function.
Constraints:
1 <= T <= 100
1 <= |S| <= 12
Where |S| denotes the length of string 'S'.
Time Limit: 1 sec.
Approaches
The idea here is to use the recursion. For each index i, where 0 <= i < |S|, if S[i] is a digit, then there is only one option available, which is to call the function again with i + 1, and if S[i] is a letter, then there are two options available. The first one is to change S[i] to the lowercase (if already is in the lowercase, then doesn’t matter) and call the function again with i + 1. The second one is to change S[i] to the uppercase (if already is in the uppercase, then doesn’t matter) and call the function again with i + 1.
When i becomes equal to the length of the string S, then just add the string S to the answer array and which is also the base condition for the recursion function. So, we can say that for each index, if it a letter, then two options are available, which may go up to 2 ^ N (in the worst case), where N is the length of the string.
Steps:
- Create an empty array ans of strings to store all the strings.
- Call the function stringPer(S, ind, ans), where ind is the starting index which is 0, S is the input string, and ans is the array to store the strings.
- Return the array ans.
void stringPer(string S, int ind, int ans[]) :
- If ind == S.size(), then add the string S to the ans and return.
- If S[ind] is a digit, then call the function stringPer(S, ind + 1, ans).
- Else, call the function two times as follows:
- Convert S[ind] to lower case, and then call stringPer(S, ind + 1, ans).
- Convert S[ind] to upper case, and then call stringPer(S, ind + 1, ans).