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Introduction
We have seen various programming languages getting in trend based on their functionality and popularity. But we should not choose or use programming languages according to their popularity because every programming language is efficient and productive in its own way. Coming to efficiency and popularity, C++ has been the most used programming language in this era. It contributes to various fields, due to which it is widely used.
In contrast, Rust nowadays has become a hot topic in reference to C++ because they both have similar syntax. Other than syntax, there are many more similar features. So, in this article, we will discuss the similarities and differences of both languages. So let’s get started!
What is Rust?
Mozilla developed Rust programming language in the year 2010. It is a programming language built to focus on performance and Safety, especially safe currency. It was developed specifically to address shortcomings perceived in C++. It is similar to C++, but without using garbage collection, it provides memory safety. Its primary goal is o achieve better performance and Safety than C++.
Rust is considered a low-level programming language because it provides precise control capabilities like manual memory management. Also, the binary code generated by Rust is the smallest possible, and it compiles immediately. Rust is used to develop operating systems and device drivers such as QuiltOS, RustOS, Tefflin, BlogOS, intermezzOS, and Tock. It is also used in browsers such as games, Mozilla Firefox, etc.
Features of Rust
What is C++?
C++ is an Object-oriented programming language deveoped by Bjarne Striustrup in 1985. C++ is an extension of the C programming language, which has improved concepts.C++ provides us with great performance, and we can build super-fast applications due to its rich library of a method known as the Standard Template Library(STL).
Fast performance, determined code, and reusable code modules of C++ have made it a popular choice in various development projects. Also, C++ is a multi-purpose programming language; it can be used to build anything from operating systems to amazing 3D visuals and video games.
Features of C++
Difference Between Rust and C++
Some aspects in which we can compare both the language are as follows:
Parameter
Rust
C++
Memory Management
Rust uses ownership, borrowing, and lifetimes to manage memory safely without a garbage collector.
C++ requires manual memory management using pointers and new/delete.
Concurrency
Rust has built-in concurrency with data race prevention via ownership rules.
C++ supports concurrency but requires careful handling to avoid data races.
Error Handling
Rust uses Result and Option types for explicit error handling.
C++ uses exceptions and error codes for handling errors.
Syntax
Rust has modern, safe, and expressive syntax with a strong type system.
C++ has a more complex syntax with greater flexibility but also complexity.
Compiling
Rust uses the cargo tool, which simplifies project management and compilation.
C++ uses multiple compilers and tools (e.g., GCC, Clang, MSVC).
Memory Safety
Rust guarantees memory safety at compile time without needing a garbage collector.
C++ gives more control but requires the programmer to manage memory safety.
Performance
Rust has performance comparable to C++, with zero-cost abstractions.
C++ offers high performance but can be prone to errors due to manual management.
Ecosystem
Rust's ecosystem is newer but growing rapidly, with a focus on safe systems programming.
C++ has a mature and extensive ecosystem with a long history.
How to Switch between C++ and Rust?
We can easily use the CXX library to switch between Rust and C++, as it helps call C++ code from Rust and Rust code from C++. Also, it is safe and effective. Prior to the invention of the CXX library, Rust- C++ integration was very inconvenient and tough because the manual crafting of Rust-C and C-C++ interfaces was needed.
Problems That Rust can Solve But C++ Cannot
Rust succeeds where C++ failed by being used in hardware development, augmented reality, IoT apps, virtual reality, and other fields. It works flawlessly on low-level software, like operating system kernels, system utilities, microcontroller drivers, etc. Also, Rust is performing better in device-based or embedded development.
Still C++ wins
C++ is more than 35 years old but still performs amazingly in some areas compared to other languages.
Compilation time is less compared to Rust
C++ has multiple compilers, i.e., MinGW, LLVM, Clang, Cfront, GCC, and many more
C++ has its wide STL,i.e., Standard Template Library
C++ works outstanding in the field of Game Development
In terms of existing products, the existing code base is more than other languages
Some Myths Related to Rust and C++
C++ is faster than Rust
Rust won’t help with C libraries
C++ arithmetic is safer compared to Rust
Rust’s Safety is not proved
Object lifetime analysis is the only advantage of Rust
Rust is usually considered to be more difficult to learn than C++. The syntax of Rust is more consistent and concise compared to C++.
Which language is better for system programming, Rust or C++?
Rust is safe and fast; therefore, it is considered a good choice for system programming. Rust’s type system prevents undefined behaviour which is a major concern in system programming.
Does Rust have a future?
Rust is expected to rank among the well-liked and most utilized programming languages in 2023 as large technology companies and programmers have started seeing its potential.
Conclusion
We have seen that Both Rust and C++ have great potential and are great project choices. Both Rust and C++ have outstanding performance, community support, and tooling. We hope this blog has helped you enhance your knowledge of Rust vs C++. If you want to learn more, then check out our articles:
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