Simple Interest
Simple interest is a quick method of calculating interest on money. In this method, the interest is always applied to the original principal amount, and the rate of interest is the same for each time cycle.
Important Formulas and Concepts
- Simple Interest = ( Principal x Rate x Time ) / 100 = ( P x R x T ) / 100
- Principal = 100 x SI / (R x T)
- Time = 100 x SI / ( R x P )
- Rate = 100 x SI / ( P x T )
- Amount = Principal + Simple Interest = P + SI = P x ( 1 + R x T ).
- Time should be in years. Unless otherwise specified, interest is assumed to be Simple.
Questions
Q1: Juhi’s father took out a 10,000 loan with a 5% interest rate from the bank. What would the simple interest and amount be if he borrowed the money for 3 years?
Solution: Here, P= 10000, R = 5%, Time = 3
Simple interest = ( 10000 x 5 x 3 ) / 100 = Rs 1500
Amount = Simple interest + Principal
Amount = 1500 + 10,000 = Rs 11500
Q2: When will a loan of Rs. 2,000 at 5% annual simple interest earn the same amount of interest as a loan of Rs. 20,000 at 2.5 % annual simple interest earned in 2 years?
Solution:
S.I of Rs 2000 at 5% = S.I. of Rs 20,000 at 2.5% in 2 years
(2000 x 5 x T) / 100 = (20000 x 2.5 x 2 ) / 100
T = 10 years
Q3: How long will it take for a sum of Rs. 500 to earn Rs. 80 in simple interest at a rate of 8% per year?
Solution: Time required = ( S.I. x 100 ) / ( P x R ) = ( 100 x 80 ) / ( 500 x 8 ) = 2 years
Q4.On a simple interest basis, Rs 20,000 is invested at a rate of 5% per year. Calculate how long it will take for the money to grow to Rs 36,000 if interest is added to the principal every ten years?
Solution: First 10 year at rate 5%
Amount = (20000 x 5 x 10) / 100
= 10000
After 10 years interest added in the principal
New principal= 20000 + 10000 = 30000
Simple Interest for next K years = 36000 – 30000 = 6000
6000 = (30000 x 5 x K) / 100
K = 6000/1500
K = 4 years
Hence, Total time taken = 10 year + 4 year = 14 years.
Compound interest
Compound interest is interest earned on a deposit calculated using the initial principal and interest earned over time. It is determined by increasing the initial principal amount by one, multiplying the annual interest rate by the number of compound periods reduced by one.
“Compound interest is the eighth wonder of the world. He who understands it, earns it ... he who doesn't ... pays it.” - By Albert Einstein.
Important Formulas and Concepts
- Amount = P [1+ R/100] N, N = time
- Compound Interest = Amount - Principal = P [1+ R/100] N - P
- If the compounding period is not annual, the interest rate is divided by the compounding period
- If the interest is compounded daily, change R -> R/365 and use time in days. For example, if the given time is 3 months, T = 90 days.
- If the interest is compounded monthly, change R -> R/12 and use time in months. For example, if the given time is 2 years, T = 24 months.
- If the interest is compounded half-yearly, change R -> R/2 and use time in half years. For example, if the given time is 2 years, T = 4 half years.
Questions
Q1.Calculate the compound interest on Rs. 20,000 over three years at a rate of 5% per year.
Solution: Compound interest = P [ 1 + R / 100 ] N - P
=> 20000 [ 1 + 5 / 100 ] 3 - 20000
=> Rs 3152.5
Q2. If Rs. 5000 grows to Rs. 5832 in two years if compounded annually, what is the annual interest rate?
Solution: Here, P = 5000, A = 5832, N = 2
A = P [1 + (R / 100)] N
=> 5832 = 5000 [1 + (R / 100)] 2
=> [1 + (R / 100)] 2 = 5832 / 5000
=> [1 + (R / 100)] 2 = 11664 / 10000
=> [1 + (R / 100)] = 108 / 100
=> R / 100 = 8 / 100
=> R = 8 %
Q3. On a given sum of money, the difference between SI and CI at a 10% annual interest rate for two years is Rs. 549. Calculate the sum.
Solution: Let the sum be P.
R = 10 %
N = 2 years
SI = P x R x n / 100 = P x 10 x 2 / 100 = 0.20 P
CI = A – P = P [1 + (R / 100)] N – P = 0.21 P
Now, it is given that CI – SI = 549
=> 0.21 P – 0.20 P = 549
=> 0.01 P = 549
=> P =Rs 54900
Q4. What is the amount and compound interest on Rs 2300 in 3 years at a rate of 4% per annum if compounded half-yearly?
Solution: Time = 3 years = 3 x 2 half-years = 6 half- years
Rate = 4% per annum = 4/2 % per half-annum= 2% per half-annum
Amount = 2300 x (1 + 2/100) 6
= 2300 x 51/50 x 51/50 x 51/50 x 51/50 x 51/50 x 51/50
= Rs 2590.17
Compound Interest = 2590.17 - 2300
= Rs 290.17
Frequently asked questions
Q1. What is the formula of simple interest?
Ans: The formula of simple interest is: ( P x R x T ) / 100
Q2. What is the main difference between simple and compound interest?
Ans: Simple interest is calculated on the principal amount or loan amount, whereas compound interest is calculated on both the interest accumulated over a period of time and the principal amount.
Key Takeaways
So, this article discussed the fundamental concepts, formulas of simple and compound interest, how they are different from each other, and some sample questions. Send this blog to your friends if you found it helpful!
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