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Introduction
Ansible is a Red Hat-sponsored open-source community project that offers the simplest method to automate IT. Ansible is the only automation language that can be utilized by entire IT teams, from system administrators to network administrators to developers and managers.
Management of BSD machines differs from the management of other Unix-like machines.
Connecting to BSD Nodes
By default, Ansible connects to managed nodes through OpenSSH. If you use SSH keys for authentication, this works on BSD. If you use SSH passwords for authentication, Ansible will utilize sshpass. Because most versions of sshpass do not handle BSD login prompts properly, use paramiko instead of OpenSSH when utilizing SSH passwords against BSD workstations. This can be done globally in ansible.cfg or as an inventory/group/host setting. For example:
mybsdhost1 ansible_connection=paramiko
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Ansible is agentless by default, but on managed nodes, it needs Python. Without Python, just the raw module will function. The use of Python is necessary to fully utilize Ansible's features, even if this module can be used to install Python and bootstrap Ansible on BSD versions (see below).
The installation of Python that comes with the JSON library needed for full Ansible functioning is demonstrated in the example below. For the majority of FreeBSD versions, you can run the following commands on your control machine:
ansible -m raw -a "pkg install -y python" mybsdhost1
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After doing this, you can utilize Ansible modules other than the raw module.
Setting the Python Interpreter
Ansible can't always rely on the current environment or env variables to get the right Python binary because it needs to support various Unix-like operating systems and distributions. Modules by default point to /usr/bin/python since this is the most frequent location. This path could be different on BSD variations; therefore, it's a good idea to let Ansible know where the binary is. Look at INTERPRETER_PYTHON. Set the ansible_python_interpreter inventory variable, for instance:
The default installation of the /usr/local/bin/python executable file or a link to an executable file is not guaranteed on FreeBSD. Installing at least the Python versions that Ansible supports, such as lang/python38, as well as both meta ports lang/python3 and lang/python, is recommended for remote hosts when using Ansible.
From /usr/ports/lang/python3/pkg-descr:
This is a meta port to the Python 3.x interpreter that offers symbolic links to bin/python3, bin/pydoc3, bin/idle3, and other Python modules to provide compatibility with scripts written in any minor version.
From /usr/ports/lang/python/pkg-descr:
This meta port for the Python interpreter offers symbolic links to bin/python, bin/pydoc, bin/idle, and other bin directories to provide compatibility with Python scripts of all versions.
The following packages need to be installed:
shell> pkg info | grep python
python-3.8_3,2 "meta-port" for the default version of Python interpreter
python3-3_3 Meta-port for the Python interpreter 3.x
python38-3.8.12_1 Interpreted object-oriented programming language
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Ansible offers a helpful option ansible_interpreter_python_fallback since version 2.8 allows users to provide a list of paths to look in for Python. INTERPRETER_PYTHON_FALLBACK is described. The first item discovered after searching this list will be utilized. For instance, the setup shown below would render unnecessary the installation of the Python meta-ports in the previous section, as the first two items in the list will be bypassed and /usr/local/bin/python3.8 will be found.
You can use this variable, which was added by earlier Python versions, and add it, for instance, to the group vars/all. Afterward, if necessary, override it for particular groups in group vars/"group1, group2,..." and for particular hosts in host vars/"host1, host2,..."
shell> ansible-playbook -i hosts playbook.yml
PLAY [test_11] *******************
TASK [command] *******************
[WARNING]: Platform freebsd on host test_11 is using the discovered Python interpreter at
/usr/local/bin/python, but future installation of another Python interpreter could change the
meaning of that path. See https://docs.ansible.com/ansible-
core/2.12/reference_appendices/interpreter_discovery.html for more information.
changed: [test_11]
TASK [debug] ************************
ok: [test_11] =>
result.stdout: /usr/local/bin/python
TASK [debug] ************************
ok: [test_11] =>
msg: |-
ansible_interpreter_python_fallback:
- /usr/local/bin/python
- /usr/local/bin/python3
- /usr/local/bin/python3.8
discovered_interpreter_python:
/usr/local/bin/python
ansible_playbook_python:
/usr/bin/python3
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You can see that the FreeBSD remote host found the first item in the list ansible_interpreter_python_fallback. The path to Python on the Linux controller that executed the playbook is stored in the variable ansible_playbook_python.
Because this is what you actually want when using /usr/local/bin/python ("interpreters installed later may change which one is used"), you can either disregard it or remove the warning by setting the variable ansible_python_interpreter=auto_silent. For instance
DevOps is a collection of cultural ideas, operational procedures, and technical resources that enhances an organization's ability to provide products and services rapidly.
What is Ansible?
Ansible is an open-source IT engine that automates the deployment of IT technologies, including intra-service orchestration, cloud provisioning, and application deployment.
What is Puppet?
Puppet is a server configuration management program that may be used to configure, deploy, and manage servers.
What is Ansible Unarchive?
The Ansible unarchive module is used to unpack or uncompress files from archive files like zip, tar, and tar.gz. Before uncompressing the files, it might optionally transfer the files to a remote server before uncompressing them.
What is Ansible Playbook?
Playbooks are the files in which the Ansible code is written. Playbooks are written in YAML format. YAML stands for "Yet Another Markup Language" thus, there isn't much syntax required.
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